MOUNT LU / 庐山 BY JING HAO / 荆浩

 

JING HAO  / 荆浩 (c. 880–940) 

Lushan / 庐山 or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft) 

China

 In Mount Lu (c. 920-40),  hanging scroll, ink on silk, 185.8 x 106.8 cm. 

National Palace Museum, Taipei.

About this work
The piece most frequently held as a template of his style is Mount Lu (above), an ink painting on silk scroll which gives a rather fantastical rendering of one of Jiangxi's natural landmarks. The work is a tight, vertical composition, employing Jing's newly developed cun fa technique to compress the landscape into layers of jutting rock-pillars between chasms of mist. The enclosed space of the composition enhances the monumental characteristics of the mountain, which fills some 90% of the scroll. Humans and buildings, though drawn with remarkable realism in a manner that contrasts sharply against the atmospheric landscape surrounding, are reduced to an almost unnoticeable scale, clustered at the foot of the mountain at the very bottom of the scroll, further conveying the intimidating grandeur of the natural world over the transient activities of man. Scholars have noted, however, that the mist in Mount Lu plays only a minimal role compared with that seen in some of Jing's other works, being employed much more conservatively than is common for the artist—a fact which has led to some speculation among art historians that this particular work may represent a “reminiscence” during a later period in the artist's life. Aside from Mount Lu, only one other major surviving work bearing the signature of Jing Hao has survived into the present.

The artist
Jing Hao / 荆浩 (c. 880–940) began his artistic career during the later years of the Tang Dynasty. Initially he was influenced by the emphasis on monumental landscapes of Tang painters. Their goal to express the grandeur and harmony of nature was exemplified by the established masters such as Wang Wei. Following the collapse of the Tang, Northern China descended into a period of political chaos—the Five Dynasties—in which five separate ruling lines established themselves and were destroyed by factional infighting in rapid succession. An aversion to the turmoil of his era led Jing Hao to retire to seclusion in the northern Taihang Mountains. Here he spent the greater portion of his life in the pursuit of artistic development. Taihang is an isolated region of dense cloud forests punctuated by jagged peaks. These unique geographical characteristics made the region particularly suited to Jing's developing interest in ink wash techniques. Jing was one of the earliest Chinese artists to employ ink washes (yongmo) to simulate depth and atmospheric perspective. Building on the approach initially pioneered by Tang painters such as Xiang Rong, Jing wrote that the principal aim of the yongmo technique was to “distinguish higher and lower [parts of objects] with a gradation in ink tones, and represent clearly shallowness and depth, making them appear natural as if they had not been done with a brush.” Of Xiang himself, Jing wrote that the earlier artist had “attained the secret of mysterious truth only through the use of ink wash”, but criticized Xiang for his lack of definition, lamenting that Xiang had “no bone in his brushwork”. Jing departed from such an approach by employing in his landscapes a mixture of atmospheric ink washes and bold brush strokes to accurately transcribe the Shanxi landscapes in which he worked. This technique, called cun fa, would characterize all of his major works as well as those of other artists who would study his work in later years.

The mountain
Mount Lu or Lushan (庐山) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
More about Lushan / Mount Lu

____________________________

2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

LUSHAN / 庐山 PAINTED BY WANG YUANQUI / 王原祁

WANG YUANQUI / 王原祁  (1642-1715)

Lushan / 庐山 or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft) 

China

In Lu shan, National Palace Museum, Taipei

The mountain
Mount Lu or Lushan (庐山) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.
Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
Mount Lu was once dubbed the xiadu ("summer capital") of the Republic of China. Chiang Kai-Shek, China's leader at the time, would frequently spend his summers here. In June 1937, Zhou Enlai, then a major leader in the Communist Party, met with Chiang on the mountain to discuss a united front against the Japanese invasion. In July 1937, Chiang Kai-shek announced his intention for a full mobilization for war against Japan from Mount Lu. In 1946, following the war, the U.S. special diplomatic mission led by General George C. Marshall met with Chiang Kai-Shek to discuss the role of post-WWII China.
Mao Zedong convened three large conferences of senior party officials at Mount Lu, in 1959, 1961, and 1970. The 1959 conference became known as the Lushan Conference. The meeting saw the purge of decorated Chinese Civil War and Korean War general Peng Dehuai, who was critical of Mao's Great Leap Forward policies. The 1970 Lushan Conference took place during the Cultural Revolution, and marked the increasing antagonism between those loyal to Mao and those loyal to his chosen successor Lin Biao.
Mount Lushan has rich cultural and natural heritage, which authentically preserve the unique elements and characteristics of Mount Lushan’s creation, development and inheritance, including cultural, historical and natural elements such as ancient monuments and sites, villas, ancient stone inscriptions, paintings and poems dating to different historic periods, and streams and waterfalls, peaks and valleys. Temporary or partial damage of the ecological environment can be quickly and effectively restored. Restoration and intervention have followed principle of retaining the historic condition of the heritage in terms of design, materials, methods, and techniques. Thus, the property retains its historical authenticity, which permanently preserves the value of this “famous cultural mountain”.
In 1982, Mount Lushan became one of the first National Scenic Areas and one of the First Class National Nature Reserves, with the property area and buffer zone delimited. All attributes of Mount Lushan are effectively protected by the laws and regulations pertaining to the management of national scenic areas, and to the protection of cultural heritage and its setting. Any measures and projects that may significantly impact the heritage value must be authorized by the relevant national authorities.
The Lushan Scenic and Historic Interest Administrative Bureau focused on sustainable development of the property, and made increased investments in conservation and management. Both mid-term and long-term master plans for protecting the property have been made. Special attention has been placed on protecting the cultural heritages and their settings as a whole, and how to protect them more scientifically. Additional efforts have been made towards researching rational use of the property. Broad cooperation and exchanges have been undertaken. Conservation measures are strictly carried out. Environmental management and development projects are being tightly controlled. The right balance between heritage conservation and tourism development has been maintained, making it possible for the sustainable development of the property.

The painter
Wang Yuanqi / 王原祁 was a Chinese painter of the Qing dynasty. Wang was born in Taicang in the Jiangsu province and tutored in painting by his grandfather Wang Shimin (1592–1680). His style name was ' Mao-ching ' and his sobriquet was ' Lu-t'ai '. Wang is a member of the Six Masters of the early Qing period, also known as the 'Four Wangs, a Wu and a Yun'. They are also often regarded as the principal figures of the 'Orthodox School' of Chinese landscape painting.
Wang Yuanqi was two years old when the New Qing Dynasty was founded (1644). He rose to prominence as a court official and eventually was appointed curator of the imperial collection during the reign of the Qing Emperor Kangxi. He remained a court official throughout his long career and died at age 73 in 1715.
His landscapes followed the model of the Yuan Dynasty artists who broke away from the Northern Song tradition of rendering landscapes "real enough to walk through" to more personal abstractions. His style and technique demonstrates influences from, for example, the artist Huang Gongwang, especially in the use of dry brush strokes and ink washes and his use of colour, often making "colour patterns a component of his dense compositional structure, complementing the force of abstract design with the rhythmic flow of colour." His 1711 ink and color-on-silk painting, Landscape in the Style of Huang Gongwang, is in Singapore's Asian Civilisations Museum collection and his version of Wang Wei's (now lost) eighth century hand scroll, The Wang River Villa, also painted in 1711, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

__________________________________________

2019 - Wandering Vertexes...

by Francis Rousseau 

LUSHAN / 庐山 PAINTED BY SHEN ZOU

SHEN ZOU (1427-1509)  

Lushan / 庐山  or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft) 

China

In Lofty Mount Lu  painted in 1467, National Palace Museum, Taipei

The mountain 

Mount Lu or Lushan  (庐山) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.

The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.

Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
Mount Lu was once dubbed the xiadu ("summer capital") of the Republic of China. Chiang Kai-Shek, China's leader at the time, would frequently spend his summers here. In June 1937, Zhou Enlai, then a major leader in the Communist Party, met with Chiang on the mountain to discuss a united front against the Japanese invasion. In July 1937, Chiang Kai-shek announced his intention for a full mobilization for war against Japan from Mount Lu. In 1946, following the war, the U.S. special diplomatic mission led by General George C. Marshall met with Chiang Kai-Shek to discuss the role of post-WWII China.
Mao Zedong convened three large conferences of senior party officials at Mount Lu, in 1959, 1961, and 1970. The 1959 conference became known as the Lushan Conference. The meeting saw the purge of decorated Chinese Civil War and Korean War general Peng Dehuai, who was critical of Mao's Great Leap Forward policies. The 1970 Lushan Conference took place during the Cultural Revolution, and marked the increasing antagonism between those loyal to Mao and those loyal to his chosen successor Lin Biao.
Mount Lushan has rich cultural and natural heritage, which authentically preserve the unique elements and characteristics of Mount Lushan’s creation, development and inheritance, including cultural, historical and natural elements such as ancient monuments and sites, villas, ancient stone inscriptions, paintings and poems dating to different historic periods, and streams and waterfalls, peaks and valleys. Temporary or partial damage of the ecological environment can be quickly and effectively restored. Restoration and intervention have followed principle of retaining the historic condition of the heritage in terms of design, materials, methods, and techniques. Thus, the property retains its historical authenticity, which permanently preserves the value of this “famous cultural mountain”.
In 1982, Mount Lushan became one of the first National Scenic Areas and one of the First Class National Nature Reserves, with the property area and buffer zone delimited. All attributes of Mount Lushan are effectively protected by the laws and regulations pertaining to the management of national scenic areas, and to the protection of cultural heritage and its setting. Any measures and projects that may significantly impact the heritage value must be authorized by the relevant national authorities.
The Lushan Scenic and Historic Interest Administrative Bureau focused on sustainable development of the property, and made increased investments in conservation and management. Both mid-term and long-term master plans for protecting the property have been made. Special attention has been placed on protecting the cultural heritages and their settings as a whole, and how to protect them more scientifically. Additional efforts have been made towards researching rational use of the property. Broad cooperation and exchanges have been undertaken. Conservation measures are strictly carried out. Environmental management and development projects are being tightly controlled. The right balance between heritage conservation and tourism development has been maintained, making it possible for the sustainable development of the property.

The artist 

Shen Zhou (Chinese: 沈周), courtesy name Qi'nan (启南) and Shitian (石田), was a Chinese painter in the Ming dynasty,  not be confused with another Chinese artist named Shen Zhou who lived between 1848 and 1903.  Shen Zhou’s scholarly upbringing and artistic training had instilled in him a reverence for China’s historical tradition that influenced both his life and his art from an early age. He was accomplished in history and the classics, and his paintings reveal a disciplined obedience to the styles of the Yuan dynasty, to China’s history, and to the orthodox Confucianism that he embodied in his filial life. He is most famous for his landscapes and for his “boneless” renderings of flowers, which are meticulously created in the style of the Yuan masters. However, he did not always paint within strict boundaries. His inherited prosperity afforded him the luxury of painting independently of patrons, and he did so in a way that, while revealing his historical influence, was uniquely his own. Shen possessed a large collection of paintings from the late Yuan and early Ming, which he and his scholar-painter colleagues used as models in forging the revivalist approach of the Wu style. He frequently combined experimental elements with the more rigid styles of the Yuan masters. Much of his work was done in collaboration with others, combining painting, poetry, and calligraphy at gatherings with his literati friends. It was upon these ideals that his Wu School was founded. For Wu painters, painting was a meditation, rather than an occupation. Shen Zhou never coveted his paintings, although they were frequently coveted and imitated by others. Through Shen Zhou’s eyes, a painting was not a commodity, but the very extension of the painter himself.

LUSHAN / 庐山 or MOUNT LU SKETCHED BY JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE

 

JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE (b.1986)
Lushan / 庐山 or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft)
China

In Lushan ,Chine, Lavis 2018, 19x 28cm , Collection privée ©Jean-Baptiste Née
@jeanbaptiste.nee

The artist
Jean-Baptiste Née, born in 1986. is a french painter, scenographer and visual artist, graduated from Arts-Décoratifs of Paris in 2012. Jean-Baptiste Née works in the mountains and high mountains, always in situ, in direct confrontation with the movements of the earth and water and wind. He gives a growing place for the action of the elements on the work in progress (rain, snow, frost, etc.). He established his "large workshop" in the Swiss Alps or in the Vercors massif - especially in winter -, as well as during long hikes in the Italian Alps. In the winter of 2018, he worked in the massifs of Wudangshan and Lushan, in China, (see above) and became interested in the Taoist notion of "Sky" (t’ien 天).
Since 2016, Jean-Baptiste Née exhibits regularly in galleries in France and Switzerland. His workshop is in Montreuil, France.

The mountain
Mount Lu or Lushan (庐山) ( (1,474m- 4,834ft) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.
Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
More about Mount Lu

____________________________________

2022- Wandering Vertexes.
A blog by Francis Rousseau

LE MONT LU / 庐山 PEINT PAR WU GUANZHONG /吴冠中

 

WU GUANZHONG /吴冠中 (1919-2010)
Lushan / 庐山 (1,474m- 4,834ft)
Chine

 
Les montagnes
Lushan / 庐山 (1,474m- 4,834ft) égalemen tappelé Le mont Lust une montagne de Chine située à 36 km au sud de la ville de Jiujiang dans le Jiangxi, entre le Chang Jiang et le lac Poyang (鄱陽湖). Renfermant de nombreuses richesses naturelles (flore, faune, géologie), c’est aussi un lieu important pour l'histoire, la religion bouddhiste, la peinture et la poésie. Ces caractéristiques ont valu au parc national du mont Lu son inscription au patrimoine mondial en 1996. Le mont est également le site d'un géoparc de l'Unesco. C'est un haut lieu du tourisme. Comme beaucoup de hauteurs au sud du Chang Jiang, c’est un lieu où l’on se rendait l'été pour échapper à la chaleur. Au cœur de la montagne, dans une zone basse située à 1 167 m d'altitude, le missionnaire anglais John Liddell loua en 1895 un terrain destiné à la construction d'un village de montagne pour loger ses homologues et leurs familles, Guling , où furent bâties un millier de maisons de style occidental. Elles subsistent de nos jours, valant à cette petite ville (actuellement 46,6 km2 et 13 000 habitants) le surnom de « Suisse orientale ». On prétend que Sima Qian s'y rendit en -126. C'est sur le flanc nord que le moine Huiyuan fonda en 402 le premier groupe de prière terre pure, l'un des principaux courants bouddhistes, à l'emplacement de l'actuel temple de Donglin . Le mont Lu resta jusqu'à la révolte des Taiping un haut lieu du bouddhisme, abritant jusqu'à trois cents temples. On y trouve également des temples taoïstes, des églises et des mosquées. Le mont Lu est connu en Chine comme « terre des lettres, mont des poèmes »  De nombreux poètes le visitèrent et le prirent pour thème (plus de quatre mille œuvres).  Ses paysages ont également inspiré d'innombrables peintures. On y a découvert en 2004 une gravure pariétale de l'époque Tang (695) à l’emplacement d'un temple bouddhiste disparu. Sous le « pic des Cinq Vieillards » (Wulaofeng se trouve l'une des quatre grandes académies d'enseignement confucéen, l'Académie de la grotte du cerf blanc (Bailudong Shuyuan). Elle fut ouverte sous les Tang du Sud sous le nom d'Académie du mont Lu à l'emplacement où le poète Li You , surnommé « le sieur au cerf blanc » à cause de l’animal qu'il élevait, s’était retiré pour étudier. En 940 le célèbre néoconfucéen Zhu Xi la fit restaurer et la transforma en un important centre d’études. De notoriété limitée, Li You est parfois remplacé dans les présentations touristiques du mont par le plus célèbre Li Bai. En 1930, le mont Lu devint siège de la capitale estivale du gouvernement de Nankin. En 1937, Tchang Kaï-chek y prononça son appel à la résistance contre le Japon. Mao Zedong s'y rendit pour trois réunions centrales du PCC.

L'artiste
Wu Guanzhong /吴冠中  est un peintre et un théoricien de l'art chinois. Il a travaillé à la modernisation de la peinture chinoise. Wu Guanzhong rencontre Chu Teh-Chun lors de son service militaire, les deux artistes peintres y deviennent amis. Wu Guanzhong devient un artiste très en vue de la fin du 20e siècle. Il est l’un des rares peintres chinois contemporains qui bénéficie d’une audience internationale. En 1992, le British Museum à Londres a présenté, pour la première fois, une rétrospective du peintre de son vivant. En 1991, la France le le promeut officier des Arts et des Lettres. Ses idées sur la modernisation de la peinture chinoise, traitées et publiées dans les magazines d’art, notamment au sujet du Bi Mo (pinceau et encre), ont suscité de nombreux débats entre artistes et critiques d’art chinois. L'article paru dans la revue Meishu (Beaux-arts ) a eu, dès sa parution en 1979, un impact considérable car il portait sur des valeurs formelles alors que celles-ci avaient été condamnées pendant la révolution culturelle. En 1978, de nombreux intellectuels victimes de la révolution culturelle sont réhabilités. L'année 1979 sert aujourd'hui, pour de nombreux analystes et historiens d'art, de point de départ à l'art contemporain chinois, et la position novatrice à ce moment-là de Wu Guanzhong, fut pour beaucoup à cette inversion de tendance. Le travail de Wu Guanzhong est le fruit de deux influences. Celle de sa propre culture, issue en particulier de l’art lettré, et celle de l’impressionnisme, qu’il a notamment découvert en France. Il a fait preuve d’une maîtrise exceptionnelle dans les domaines de la peinture à l'huile, des lavis, des aquarelles et des croquis. Il aborde ses œuvres sous un angle moderne tout en conservant l’influence de l’esthétique chinoise, fondatrice de sa propre culture.
 Sa première exposition en France a eu lieu à Paris au musée Cernuschi en 1993. Le premier catalogue français de peintures de Wu Guanzhong a été publié aux Éditions de la Différence.

 ______________________________________

2024 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

LUSHAN / 庐山 PAINTED BY SOAMI / 相阿弥

SOAMI  相阿弥 (1472 ?-1525) 

Lushan / 庐山 (1,474m- 4,834ft) 

China

In Li Bai viewing the waterfall at Mt  Lu, hanging scroll, ink on paper,

Japan, Muromachi period, approx. 1500-1525, 

Asian Art Museum of San Francisco 

The mountain 
Lushan / 庐山 (1,474m- 4,834ft) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.
Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
Mount Lu was once dubbed the xiadu ("summer capital") of the Republic of China. Chiang Kai-Shek, China's leader at the time, would frequently spend his summers here. In June 1937, Zhou Enlai, then a major leader in the Communist Party, met with Chiang on the mountain to discuss a united front against the Japanese invasion. In July 1937, Chiang Kai-shek announced his intention for a full mobilization for war against Japan from Mount Lu. In 1946, following the war, the U.S. special diplomatic mission led by General George C. Marshall met with Chiang Kai-Shek to discuss the role of post-WWII China.
Mao Zedong convened three large conferences of senior party officials at Mount Lu, in 1959, 1961, and 1970. The 1959 conference became known as the Lushan Conference. The meeting saw the purge of decorated Chinese Civil War and Korean War general Peng Dehuai, who was critical of Mao's Great Leap Forward policies. The 1970 Lushan Conference took place during the Cultural Revolution, and marked the increasing antagonism between those loyal to Mao and those loyal to his chosen successor Lin Biao.
Mount Lushan has rich cultural and natural heritage, which authentically preserve the unique elements and characteristics of Mount Lushan’s creation, development and inheritance, including cultural, historical and natural elements such as ancient monuments and sites, villas, ancient stone inscriptions, paintings and poems dating to different historic periods, and streams and waterfalls, peaks and valleys. Temporary or partial damage of the ecological environment can be quickly and effectively restored. Restoration and intervention have followed principle of retaining the historic condition of the heritage in terms of design, materials, methods, and techniques. Thus, the property retains its historical authenticity, which permanently preserves the value of this “famous cultural mountain”.
In 1982, Mount Lushan became one of the first National Scenic Areas and one of the First Class National Nature Reserves, with the property area and buffer zone delimited. All attributes of Mount Lushan are effectively protected by the laws and regulations pertaining to the management of national scenic areas, and to the protection of cultural heritage and its setting. Any measures and projects that may significantly impact the heritage value must be authorized by the relevant national authorities.

The artist
Sōami  / 相阿弥 (1472 ?- 1525)  also called Shinsō, was a Japanese painter, art critic, poet, landscape gardener, and master of the tea ceremony, incense ceremony, and flower arrangement who is an outstanding figure in the history of Japanese aesthetics.
Sōami was the grandson and son of the painters and art connoisseurs Nōami and Geiami, respectively, and like them was in charge of the art collection of the Ashikaga shoguns (military dictators of the Ashikaga clan that ruled Japan from 1338 to 1573.
Sōami’s work was strongly influenced by the philosophy of Zen, the meditative sect of Buddhism that taught that secular art forms can serve as a means of attaining spiritual enlightenment. As a painter, he preferred the soft ink-wash style of Mu-ch’i Fa-ch’ang, a 13th-century Chinese Zen painter greatly admired in Japan, and he painted a fine set of landscape fusuma-e (paintings done on sliding doors) in the Daisen-in, a monastery within the Zen Buddhist Daitoku Temple in Kyōto. As a critic, in 1511 he revised Nōami’s famous catalog of Chinese paintings, the Kundaikan sayū chōki (compiled in 1476). As a landscape gardener, he designed two of the most celebrated Zen temple gardens in Japan: the Ryōan Temple garden, in Kyōto, an outstanding example of kare sansui, a dry landscape technique in which combinations of stones and sand are used to suggest mountains and water; and the Daisei-in garden, a miniature reproduction of a natural landscape, also in the kare sansui style. It is believed that he also planned the garden of the famed Silver Pavilion (Ginkaku Temple) in Kyōto, the villa built by his major patron, Ashikaga Yoshimasa.

LUSHAN / 庐山 BY WU GUANZHONG / 吴冠中

WU GUANZHONG / 吴冠中 (1919- 2010)

Lushan / 庐山 or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft)

China

In Lushan Songshi, ink on paper, 1987

The mountain
Mount Lu or Lushan (庐山)  ( (1,474m- 4,834ft) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.
Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
More about Mount Lu  

The painter 
Wu Guanzhong / 吴冠中  was a contemporary Chinese painter widely recognized as a founder of modern Chinese painting.  He is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary Chinese painters. Wu's artworks had both Western and Eastern influences, such as the Western style of Fauvism and the Eastern style of Chinese calligraphy. Wu had painted various aspects of China, including much of its architecture, plants, animals, people, as well as many of its landscapes and waterscapes in a style reminiscent of the impressionist painters of the early 1900s. He was also a writer on contemporary Chinese art. Most of Wu’s early works were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. It is difficult to track down works from his early days. Wu had an exhibit in 1942 when he was in school and it was hosted by the Sha Ping Youth Palace.
Wu Guanzhong has had solo exhibitions in major art galleries and museums around the world, including China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Taipei, Korea, France, England and the USA. His paintings were exhibited at the British Museum in 199;, being the first living Chinese artist to have an exhibition there. One of his paintings, Seascape at Beidaihe (1977), was shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art as part of an exhibition of paintings from the collection of art dealer Robert H. Ellsworth. His work may also be seen in the collection of the Hong Kong Museum of Art.
In 2008, Wu donated 113 works to the Singapore Art Museum (SAM). This donation is the largest Wu Guanzhong donation to a public museum.
In 2010, Wu donated works to the Hong Kong Art Museum.

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2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

LUSHAN / 庐山 BY JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE

 

JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE (b.1986)

Lushan / 庐山 or Mount Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft)

China

 In  Lushan (IX), lavis, 2018, 14x19cm,  Collection privée ©Jean-Baptiste Née 

@jeanbaptiste.nee 

The artist
Jean-Baptiste Née, born in 1986. is a french painter, scenographer and visual artist, graduated from Arts-Décoratifs of Paris in 2012. Jean-Baptiste Née works in the mountains and high mountains, always in situ, in direct confrontation with the movements of the earth and water and wind. He gives a growing place for the action of the elements on the work in progress (rain, snow, frost, etc.). He established his "large workshop" in the Swiss Alps or in the Vercors massif - especially in winter -, as well as during long hikes in the Italian Alps. In the winter of 2018, he worked in the massifs of Wudangshan and Lushan, in China, (see above) and became interested in the Taoist notion of "Sky" (t’ien 天).
Since 2016, Jean-Baptiste Née exhibits regularly in galleries in France and Switzerland. His workshop is in Montreuil, France.

The mountain
Mount Lu or Lushan (庐山)  ( (1,474m- 4,834ft) is situated in the northern part of Jiangxi province in southeastern China, and is one of the most renowned mountains in the country. Mount Lushan is one of the spiritual centres of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, along with landmarks of Confucianism, where the most eminent masters taught, blend effortlessly into a strikingly beautiful landscape which has inspired countless artists who developed the aesthetic approach to nature found in Chinese culture.
The oval-shaped mountains are about 25 km long and 10 km wide, and neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north, Nanchang city to the south, and Poyang Lake to the east. Its highest point is Dahanyang Peak (1,474m- 4,834ft) and is one of the hundreds of steep peaks that towers above a sea of clouds that encompass the mountains for almost 200 days out of the year. Mount Lu is known for its grandeur, steepness, and beauty, and is part of Lushan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, and a prominent tourist attraction, especially during the summer months when the weather is cooler.
Lushan was a summer resort for Western missionaries in China. Absalom Sydenstricker, the father of Pearl Buck was one of the first five missionaries to acquire property in the Kuling Estate on the mountain.
More about Mount Lu  

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2020- Wandering Vertexes... / Mountain paintings
A blog by Francis Rousseau 

LUSHAN / 庐山 AQUARELLÉ PAR JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE

JEAN-BAPTISTE NÉE (b.1986)

Lushan / 庐山 ou Mont Lu (1,474m- 4,834ft)

Chine

In " Lushan, Chine," lavis 2018, 36 x5 1,5cm, Collection privée ©Jean-Baptiste Née
@jeanbaptiste.nee

The artist
Jean-Baptiste Née, né en 1986. est un artiste peintre, scénographe et plasticien français, diplômé des Arts-Décoratifs de Paris en 2012. Jean-Baptiste Née travaille la montagne et la haute montagne, toujours in situ, en confrontation directe avec les mouvements de la terre, de l'eau et du vent. Il donne une place toujours plus importante à l'interaction des éléments sur les œuvres qu'il réalise  (pluie, neige, gel, etc.). Il installe son "grand atelier" dans les Alpes suisses ou dans le massif du Vercors - surtout en hiver -, ainsi que lors de longues randonnées dans les Alpes italiennes. A l'hiver 2018, il travaille dans les massifs du Wudangshan et du Lushan, en Chine, et s'intéresse à la notion taoïste de "Ciel". Depuis 2016, Jean-Baptiste Née expose régulièrement dans des galeries en France et en Suisse. Son atelier est à Montreuil, France.

DANS L'INCONNU

Exposition collective, du 21 octobre au 25 novembre 2023
vernissage le samedi 21 octobre, à 16h
ouverture les samedi et dimanche, de 14h à 19h
avec : Olivier Giroud (sculpture), Alexandre Hollan (peinture), Sophie Melon (sculpture)

Galerie La Navire (Brest)
33 Kreiz Ker
29880 Plouguerneau

 

The mountain
Mont Lu or Lushan (庐山) ( (1,474m- 4,834ft) est situé dans la partie nord de la province du Jiangxi, dans le sud-est de la Chine, et constitue l'une des montagnes les plus célèbres du pays. Le mont Lushan est l'un des centres spirituels de la civilisation chinoise. Les temples bouddhistes et taoïstes, ainsi que les monuments du confucianisme, où ont enseigné les maîtres les plus éminents, se fondent sans effort dans un paysage d'une beauté saisissante qui a inspiré d'innombrables artistes développant une approche esthétique de la nature que l'on retrouve dans la culture chinoise.
Les montagnes de forme ovale mesurent environ 25 km de long et 10 km de large et sont voisines de la ville de Jiujiang et du fleuve Yangtze au nord, de la ville de Nanchang au sud et du lac Poyang à l'est. Son point culminant est le pic Dahanyang (1 474 m) qui fait partie des centaines de sommets abrupts dominant une mer de nuages  englobant les montagnes pendant près de 200 jours par an. Le mont Lu est connu pour sa grandeur, son escarpement et sa beauté et fait partie du parc national de Lushan, site du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 1996, et une attraction touristique de premier plan, en particulier pendant les mois d'été, lorsque le temps est plus frais.
Lushan était une station d'été pour les missionnaires occidentaux en Chine. Absalom Sydenstricker, le père de Pearl Buck, fut l'un des cinq premiers missionnaires à acquérir une propriété dans le domaine Kuling sur la montagne.
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2023 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Wandering Vertexes ....
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

 

FUCHUN MOUNTAINS PAINTED BY HUANG GONGWANG

HUANG GONGWANG  (黃公望) (1269-1354)

Fuchun Mountains (400 / 500m - 1312,34 ft /1640,42ft)

China

 Scroll of "Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains" 

3 different views from the scroll + the complete scroll

Painted between 1347 and 1350

National Palace Museum, Taipei

The painter
Huang Gongwang (黃公望) (1269-1354), original name Lu Jian (陸堅), went by the style name Zijiu (子久) and sobriquets Dachi (大癡) and Yifeng Daoren (一峰道人).
Huang Gongwang is considered one of the Four Great Masters of the Yuan along with Wu Zhen (吳鎮) (1280-1354), Ni Zan (倪瓚) (1301-1374), and Wang Meng (王蒙) (1308-1385), and is revered as their spiritual leader.
A native of Changshu, he came from a poor family and was orphaned at an early age.
Huang Le (黃樂) of Yongjia was 90 years old at the time and without a male heir. Appreciating the talents of the young boy, he treated the child as his own. The Lu family thereupon consented to allow Huang to adopt him and carry on the Huang name. Huang exclaimed by saying "Old Man Huang has always longed for a son". This became the basis of Huang Gongwang's name, which translates literally as "Old Man Huang's Longing."
Huang Gongwang was exceptionally gifted as a youth, mastering the Chinese classics at an early age. He also studied Taoism and later became a follower of the Quanzhen Sect. Traveling throughout the Songjiang and Hangzhou regions, he made a living by fortune-telling. Like his interest in calligraphy and music, painting was an activity practiced on the side. His landscape paintings are based on the manners of Dong Yuan (董源) and Juran (巨然), 10th-century artists who depicted the soft rolling landscape of the south.
He worked on the painting “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains”  (above) on and off when the mood struck him from about 1347 to 1350, when the major portions of this handscroll were completed. “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains” is one of the  rare surviving  Huang's masterpieces and maybe his greatest. It is now shown in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

The mountains
Endowed with green mountains and clear waters, Fuchun is nowadays a modern city with a population of over one million. It is an important industrial city in Northeast China. Generally known as Coal City, Fuchun is now also reputed as the City of Rocks.
Fuchun City is cuddled by hills in the south, north and east. It is a part of Long gang Mount Range of Changbai Mountain Family and has an altitude of 400 to 500 meters (1312,34 ft to 1640,42ft).
The northern part of Fuchun is characterized by low and flat highlands while its western part features the plain of accumulations by Hunhe River. The plain is 100 to 300 meters high above the sea level. There are Hunhe River, Taizi River, Suzi River and Fu’erjiang River.
Fuchun City is the cradle of Qing dynasty. Hetuala City, the original location of the establishment of Qing Empire, is retained completely.

MOUNT PILATUS PAINTED BY WALTER CRANE

WALTER CRANE (1845-1915) 

Mount Pilatus (2,128m- 6,982ft)

Switzerland

In From Hotel Pilatus-Kulm in Switzerland, 30 Sept. 1902,  

Watercolour and bodycolour on brown paper, Private collection 

The mountain 

Pilatus (also often referred to Mount Pilatus or Pilate in French) is a mountain massif overlooking Lucerne in Central Switzerland. It is composed of several peaks, of which the highest (2,128 m (6,982 ft) is named Tomlishorn and is located about 1.3 km (0.81 mi) to the southeast of the top cable car and cog railway station. The two peaks right next to the stations are called Esel (2,118 m - 6,949 ft), which lies just east over the railway station, the one on the west side is called Oberhaupt (2,105 m -6,906 ft). Jurisdiction over the massif is divided between the cantons of Obwalden (OW), Nidwalden (NW), and Lucerne (LU). The main peaks are right on the border between Obwalden and Nidwalden.

The highest peak however, Tomlishorn, and the other peaks, such as Widderfeld (2,128 m - 6,982 ft) even further west than the Tomlishorn on the border between LU and OW, Matthorn (2,040 m -6,690 ft) to the south, the Klimsenhorn (1,906 m -6,253 ft) to the north (UW), and Rosegg (1,974 m - 6,476 ft)) and Windegg (1,673 m - 5,489 ft)) to the east, both on the border of UW and OW, should only be approached with appropriate Alpine hiking equipement.

A few different local legends about the origin of the name exist. One claims that Pilatus was named so because Pontius Pilate was buried there;[citation needed] a similar legend is told of Monte Vettore in Italy. Another is that the mountain looks like the belly of a large man, Pilate, lying on his back and was thus named for him. The name may also be derived from "pileatus," meaning "cloud-topped."

A medieval legend had dragons with healing powers living on the mountain. A chronicle from 1619 reads: "As I was contemplating the serene sky by night, I saw a very bright dragon with flapping wings go from a cave in a great rock in the mount called Pilatus toward another cave, known as Flue, on the opposite side of the lake". 

Numbered amongst those who have reached its summit are Conrad Gessner, Theodore Roosevelt, Arthur Schopenhauer (1804), Queen Victoria and Julia Ward Howe (1867).

The mountain has fortified radar (part of the Swiss FLORAKO system) and weather stations on the Oberhaupt summit, not open to the public view and used all year round.

The painter

Walter Crane was an English artist and book illustrator. He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children’s book creator of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and Kate Greenaway, one of the strongest contributors to the child's nursery motif that the genre of English children's illustrated literature would exhibit in its developmental stages in the latter 19th century. Crane's work featured some of the more colourful and detailed beginnings of the child-in-the-garden motifs that would characterize many nursery rhymes and children's stories for decades to come. He was part of the Arts and Crafts movement and produced an array of paintings, illustrations, children's books, ceramic tiles and other decorative arts. Crane is also remembered for his creation of a number of iconic images associated with the international Socialist movement.
Crane was elected a member of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours in 1882, resigning in 1886; two years later he became an associate of the Water Colour Society (1888); he was an examiner for the Science and Art Department at the South Kensington Museum; director of design at the Manchester Municipal School (1894); art director of Reading College (1896); and in 1898 for a short time principal of the Royal College of Art, where he planned a new curriculum intended to bring students into closer contact with tools and materials.  His lectures at Manchester were published with illustrated drawings as The Bases of Design (1898) and Line and Form (1900). The Decorative Illustration of Books, Old and New (2nd ed., London and New York, 1900) is a further contribution to theory.

As one can noticed, Walter Crane is not particularly well known for his mountain paintings ! The one you can see above is a souvenir of a trip and a stay he did in the famous Hotel Pilatus-Kulm, one of the most spectacular Switzerland's resort built in 1890 and completely renovated in 2010. It still houses rooms with magnificent views of the alpine panorama. 

KNYSNA HEADS PEINTS PAR JACOBUS HENDRIK PIERNEEF

JACOBUS HENDRIK PIERNEEF (1886-1957)
Knysna Heads (54m)
Afrique du Sud

Les reliefs de l'estuaire
Séparés par environ 300 mètres d'eau, les Knysna Heads sont les promontoires de deux péninsules qui entourent  l'estuaire de la rivière Knysna lu-même formé  au cours du Jurassique, il y a 180 millions d'années, dès l'éclatement du supercontinent Gondwana appelé aussi Pangée.
Bien qu'il existe des preuves que Knysna ait été peuplée il y a 1,5 million d'années, la découverte d'un atelier d'outils en pierre sur Western Head (révélés par les incendies de 2017) montre que The Heads était un lieu important il y a environ 300 000 ans. Les grands outils de coupe et hachoirs trouvés sur le site ont été fabriqués à une époque où le niveau de la mer était bien plus bas qu'aujourd'hui. Le littoral s'étendait à plus de 90 km au sud et la rivière Knysna coulait paresseusement à travers la plaine qui est aujourd'hui la lagune de Knysna – et dévalait à travers l'espace entre les falaises, faisant de The Heads un lieu d'embuscade idéal pour les premiers chasseurs .

Le peintre
Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef était un peintre sud-africain, issu de la communauté afrikaner. Il fut l'un des plus grands peintres de paysages sud-africains.
Pierneef est né à Pretoria dans la république sud-africaine du Transvaal. Il était le fils d'émigrés néerlandais. Sa scolarité fut interrompue par la Seconde Guerre des Boers. La famille Pierneef décida alors de se réfugier aux Pays-Bas en 1901. Hendrik Pierneef y poursuivit sa scolarité puis des études artistiques. À l'âge de 18 ans, Hendrik Pierneef revint en Afrique du Sud, dans sa ville natale de Pretoria où il fut aidé dans son entreprise artistique par son parrain, Anton van Wouw et les peintres Hugo Naudé et Frans Oerder.
En 1913, il réalise sa première exposition publique personnelle de peinture qui est un véritable succès critique. Il récidive deux ans plus tard dans la même veine. En 1918, Pierneef commence une carrière de professeur d'art au collège de Heidelberg tout en enseignant la peinture au collège académique de Pretoria.  À partir de 1923, Pierneef se consacre uniquement à la peinture. Il visite le Sud-Ouest africain en 1923 et 1924 dont il fera de splendidespeintures. En 1924 et visite l'Europe, où sa peinture fait l'objet d'une exposition aux Pays-Bas. En 1929, il accepte une commande publique consistant à décorer l'intérieur de la grande gare de Johannesburg. En 1933, il décore les panneaux muraux de la maison d'Afrique du Sud et de l'ambassade sud-africaine à Londres. Pierneef est mort en 1957 à Pretoria.
L'œuvre de Pierneef est exposé dans plusieurs musées nationaux d'Afrique du Sud comme Africana Museum, la Durban Art Gallery, la Johannesburg Art Gallery, le King George VI Art Gallery et la Pretoria Art Gallery. À Pretoria, le Pierneef Museum lui est dédié.

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2023 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

 

TIANDU PEAK BY MEI QING

MEI QING (1623-1697) 

 Tiandu peak (1,810 m - 5,938 ft) 

 China 

 In view of  Tiandu, Mont Huang  - Palace Museum, Beijing

The mountain 

 Tiandu Peak (Celestial Capital)   (1,810 m  - 5,938 ft) is the highest peak of the Huangshan (黄山)  mountain range in southern Anhui province in eastern China. Vegetation on the range is thickest below 1,100 meters -3,600 ft), with trees growing up to the treeline at 1,800 meters -5,900 ft. Huangshan is a frequent subject of traditional Chinese paintings and literature, as well as modern photography. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of China's major tourist destinations. Huangshan is also the famous place for Chinese teas of high quality, such as Huangshan Maofeng, Keemun Black, and Blooming Tea.

Much of Huangshan's reputation derives from its significance in Chinese arts and literature. In addition to inspiring poets such as Li Bai,  Huangshan and the scenery therein has been the frequent subject of poetry and artwork, especially Chinese ink painting and, more recently, photography. Overall, from the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, more than 20,000 poems were written about Huangshan, and a school of painting named after it. The mountains also have appeared in modern works. James Cameron, director of the 2009 film Avatar, cited Huangshan as one of his influences in designing the fictional world of that film.

The area also has been a location for scientific research because of its diversity of flora and wildlife. In the early part of the twentieth century, the geology and vegetation of Huangshan were the subjects of multiple studies by both Chinese and foreign scientists.  The mountain is still a subject of research. For example, in the late twentieth century a team of researchers used the area for a field study of Tibetan macaques, a local species of monkey.

Climbing
The climb, dangerous in the old days, is a "walk-over", with stone steps placed or hewn along the trail and iron chains to cling to. Now 43,000 steps link all the peaks and a winding path 3,800 meters long has been paved for the convenience of tourists. The Tiandu peak over 5900, is one of the steepest and most breathtaking peaks of Mount Huang. At the top of the peak is a stone carving of 4 Chinese characters "Deng Feng Zao Ji" (the highest peak), as the peak surpasses the others in the surrounding area. A traveler in old times that failed to reach the top sighed as he composed this poem: “How I wish I could ride a crane some day to view the sea of clouds over Tiandu Peak.”
The top of the peak is flat with a natural cave large enough to hold more than one hundred people. The saying goes: “Without reaching Jade Screen Pavilion, a panoramic view of the mountain is impossible; without climbing Tiandu Peak, your trip is in vain”.

Source: 

- China Tour 

- Huang Shan tour 

The artist 

Mei Qing (梅清) was a Chinese landscape painter, calligrapher and poet active during the Qing Dynasty. Mei was born in Xuancheng, Anhui Province. 

His style name was 'Yuangong' (渊公 or 远公) and his pseudonym were :

Mount Qu (瞿山), Xue Lu  (雪庐), and Lao Qu Fan Fu (老瞿凡父).

Mei was taught by Wang Meng. He was a friend Shitao, influencing some of Shitao's earlier works. His landscape paintings were based on his many travels to the Yellow Mountain. His works on poetry include: Tian Yan Garret Collection (天延阁集) and Mei Shi Anthology (梅氏诗略).

DANXIA SHAN / 丹霞山 BY WANG YUANQUI / 王原祁

WANG YUANQUI  (1642-1715)

Danxia Shan (2,142 m -7,028 ft)
China

 In Danxia Shan, 1699, ink on roll, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC

The mountain
 Danxia Shan / 丹霞山  (2,142 m -7,028 ft), which mean Mount Danxia, is a noted scenic mountainous area near Shaoguan city in the northern part of Guangdong, People's Republic of China. It is described on the local signage as a "world famous UNESCO geopark of China". The Danxia area is formed from a reddish sandstone which has been eroded over time into a series of outcrops surrounded by spectacular cliffs and many unusual rock formations known as Danxia landform. There are a number of temples located on the mountains and many scenic walks can be undertaken. There is also a river winding through the mountains on which boat trips can be taken.
Among other attractions that make the Danxia range interesting, the area has the following characteristic stone formations:
Yang Yuan Stone, (Yangyuan "male/father stone") bearing a remarkable resemblance to a phallus
Yin Yuan Stone or Yinyuan hole, which somewhat resembles the female vulva. Breasts Stone, human breast-shaped rocky outcrops on a cliff hanging 30 m above the ground. Sleeping Beauty, a rocky range resembling a sleeping maiden.
In the 2010 UNESCO list of world heritage sites, Mount Danxia was recorded as a natural World Heritage Site as part of China's Danxia landform.

The painter 
Wang Yuanqi / 王原祁 was a Chinese painter of the Qing dynasty. Wang was born in Taicang in the Jiangsu province and tutored in painting by his grandfather Wang Shimin (1592–1680).  His style name was ' Mao-ching ' and his sobriquet was ' Lu-t'ai '. Wang is a member of the Six Masters of the early Qing period, also known as the 'Four Wangs, a Wu and a Yun'. They are also often regarded as the principal figures of the 'Orthodox School' of Chinese landscape painting.
Wang Yuanqi was two years old when the New Qing Dynasty was founded (1644). He rose to prominence as a court official and eventually was appointed curator of the imperial collection during the reign of the Qing Emperor Kangxi. He remained a court official throughout his long career and died at age 73 in 1715.
His landscapes followed the model of the Yuan Dynasty artists who broke away from the Northern Song tradition of rendering landscapes "real enough to walk through" to more personal abstractions. His style and technique demonstrates influences from, for example, the artist Huang Gongwang, especially in the use of dry brush strokes and ink washes and his use of colour, often making "colour patterns a component of his dense compositional structure, complementing the force of abstract design with the rhythmic flow of colour." His 1711 ink and color-on-silk painting, Landscape in the Style of Huang Gongwang, is in Singapore's Asian Civilisations Museum collection and his version of Wang Wei's (now lost) eighth century hand scroll, The Wang River Villa, also painted in 1711, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.