LE MONT BLANC PEINT PAR RENÉ MAGRITTE

RENÉ MAGRITTE (1898-1967)
Le Mont Blanc / Monte Bianco (4805,59 m )
France-Italie

in L'Imprudent, 1927, huile sur toile, Collection privée (Sotheby's)

A propos de ce tableau

L'Imprudent (et son jumeau!) auront sans doute voulu escalader le Mont Blanc en habit de cérémonie... et voilà le résultat : deux bras en écharpe et un beau moment de surréalisme ! On note que cette toile est une composition monochrome (noir et blanc) à l'exception de la cravate rouge qui est la seule touche de couleur de la composition.
Comme la plupart des tableaux de René Magritte, celui ci ne peut pas être réellement expliqué. René Magritte décrivait ses tableaux comme « des images visibles qui ne cachent rien ; elles évoquent le mystère et, en effet, quand on voit un de mes tableaux, on se pose cette simple question : 'Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ?'. Cela ne veut rien dire, car le mystère ne veut rien dire non plus, il est inconnaissable. »
La seule chose que l'on peut remarquer, c'est que la forme de la montagne qu'il a peinte est bien celle du Massif du Mont Blanc (du côté français) tout comme il l'avait fait avec le Mont Everest dans Le Toit du Monde, au titre plus directement allusif.

Le peintre
René François Ghislain Magritte était un artiste surréaliste belge. Il est devenu célèbre pour avoir créé un certain nombre d'images pleines d'esprit et qui suscitent la réflexion. Représentant souvent des objets ordinaires dans un contexte inhabituel, son travail est connu pour remettre en question les perceptions conditionnées de la réalité. Son imagerie a influencé le pop art, l'art minimaliste et l'art conceptuel.
L'utilisation d'objets pour un autre but que le bu  assigné  est clairement illustré dans son tableau La trahison des images, qui montre une pipe semblant être un modèle pour une publicité de magasin de tabac. Magritte a écrit sous la pipe "Ceci n'est pas une pipe", ce qui semble une contradiction, mais est en réalité en effet,  le tableau n'est pas une pipe mais  la représentation d'une pipe. Cette image n'est pas suffisante pour « satisfaire émotionnellement » . Ainsi lorsqu'on interrogeait Magritte sur ce sujet, il répondait : " Bien sûr, ce n'était pas une pipe, essayez simplement de la remplir de tabac ".
L'utilisation par Magritte d'objets ordinaires dans des espaces inconnus s'associe à son désir de créer une imagerie poétique. Il décrit l'acte de peindre comme « l'art de mettre les couleurs côte à côte de telle manière que leur aspect réel soit effacé, de sorte que les objets familiers – le ciel, les gens, les arbres, les montagnes, les meubles, les étoiles, les structures solides, les graffitis » - s'unissent en une seule image poétiquement disciplinée. La poésie de cette image se dispense de toute signification symbolique, ancienne ou nouvelle.
Le jeu constant de Magritte avec la réalité et l'illusion a été attribué à la mort prématurée de sa mère. Les psychanalystes qui ont examiné des enfants endeuillés ont émis l'hypothèse que le jeu de va-et-vient de Magritte avec la réalité et l'illusion reflète son « va-et-vient constant de ce qu'il souhaite – « mère est vivante » – à ce qu'il sait – « mère est morte ».

La montagne
Le mont Blanc (4805,59m) en italien : Monte Bianco, dans le massif du Mont-Blanc, est le point culminant de la chaîne des Alpes. Il est le plus haut sommet d'Europe occidentale et le sixième sur le plan continental en prenant en compte les montagnes du Caucase, dont l'Elbrouz (5 643 mètres) est le plus haut sommet. Il se situe sur la frontière franco-italienne, entre le département de la Haute-Savoie (en France) et la région autonome de la Vallée d'Aoste (en Italie) ; cette frontière est l'objet d'un litige historique entre les deux pays. Le sommet, objet de fascination dans de nombreuses œuvres culturelles, a depuis plusieurs siècles représenté un objectif pour toutes sortes d'aventuriers, depuis sa première ascension en 1786. De nombreux itinéraires fréquentés permettent désormais de le gravir avec une préparation sérieuse. Afin de déterminer son altitude précise et quantifier l'évolution de celle-ci, des géomètres experts font l'ascension périodiquement. La dernière mesure connue, en 2023, est de 4805,59m. Le seuil de surfréquentation du mont Blanc est atteint, avec 300 à 400 départs par jour en été. Lors du sommet du Conseil national de la montagne qui s'est tenu à Sallanches, fin août 2006, il a été estimé que 25 000 à 30 000 personnes se sont lancées en 2005 à la conquête du mont Blanc. Avec l'ouverture des nouveaux marchés (Russie, Chine, Inde), ce sont 50 000 à 100 000 personnes qui pourraient demain tenter l'aventure, le chiffre de 200 000 ayant même été avancé. Ces perspectives sont cauchemardesques pour les défenseurs du site et pour certains responsables politiques de la vallée, comme le maire de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, commune sur laquelle se situe le mont Blanc. Lors de l'été 2003, avec la sécheresse et une fréquentation accrue du site, plusieurs dizaines de tonnes de détritus et déchets divers ont été laissées par les alpinistes qui campaient dans le secteur du refuge du Goûter. L'association Pro-mont Blanc a édité en 2002 le livre Le versant noir du mont Blanc qui expose les problèmes actuels et futurs qui se posent pour conserver le site en l'état.

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2024 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau     

LE MONT BLANC PEINT PAR CHARLES-HENRI CONTENCIN

 

CHARLES-HENRI CONTENCIN (1898-1955)

Le Mont Blanc (4805,59m)
France - Italie

In "Le Mont Blanc vu de La Route de Saint-Gervais à Megève, France" huile sur toile 46 x 55cm ,Courtesy John Mitchell Gallery, London

La montagne
Le mont Blanc  (4805,59m) en italien : Monte Bianco, dans le massif du Mont-Blanc, est le point culminant de la chaîne des Alpes. Il est le plus haut sommet d'Europe occidentale et le sixième sur le plan continental en prenant en compte les montagnes du Caucase, dont l'Elbrouz (5 643 mètres) est le plus haut sommet. Il se situe sur la frontière franco-italienne, entre le département de la Haute-Savoie (en France) et la région autonome de la Vallée d'Aoste (en Italie) ; cette frontière est l'objet d'un litige historique entre les deux pays. Le sommet, objet de fascination dans de nombreuses œuvres culturelles, a depuis plusieurs siècles représenté un objectif pour toutes sortes d'aventuriers, depuis sa première ascension en 1786. De nombreux itinéraires fréquentés permettent désormais de le gravir avec une préparation sérieuse. Afin de déterminer son altitude précise et quantifier l'évolution de celle-ci, des géomètres experts font l'ascension périodiquement. La dernière mesure connue, en 2023, est de 4805,59m. Le seuil de surfréquentation du mont Blanc est atteint, avec 300 à 400 départs par jour en été. Lors du sommet du Conseil national de la montagne qui s'est tenu à Sallanches, fin août 2006, il a été estimé que 25 000 à 30 000 personnes se sont lancées en 2005 à la conquête du mont Blanc. Avec l'ouverture des nouveaux marchés (Russie, Chine, Inde), ce sont 50 000 à 100 000 personnes qui pourraient demain tenter l'aventure, le chiffre de 200 000 ayant même été avancé. Ces perspectives sont cauchemardesques pour les défenseurs du site et pour certains responsables politiques de la vallée, comme le maire de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, commune sur laquelle se situe le mont Blanc. Lors de l'été 2003, avec la sécheresse et une fréquentation accrue du site, plusieurs dizaines de tonnes de détritus et déchets divers ont été laissées par les alpinistes qui campaient dans le secteur du refuge du Goûter. L'association Pro-mont Blanc a édité en 2002 le livre Le versant noir du mont Blanc qui expose les problèmes actuels et futurs qui se posent pour conserver le site en l'état.

 
Le peintre
Charles-Henri Contencin, est un peintre de montagne français. Élevé par sa grand-mère dans l'Oberland bernois jusqu'à l'âge de 10-12 ans, il demeure toute sa vie un passionné de montagne. Il fait la grande guerre dans l'infanterie et il reçoit la Croix de Guerre. Il travaille ensuite dans un cabinet d'architecte puis à la Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord et enfin à la SNCF où il sera responsable des ouvrages d'art. Doué pour le dessin, industriel et artistique, il a suivi des cours de dessin à l'école ABC de dessin de Paris3. En plus de ses dessins professionnels il est également auteur d'affiches et de prospectus publicitaires pour les chemins de fer sous le pseudonyme de « Charles-Henri ». Il est surtout connu pour sa peinture de montagne et laisse, en la matière, une œuvre importante. Il est entré à la SPM en 1929, en a été secrétaire général de 1950 à 1953, puis président de 1954 à 1955. Il a exposé régulièrement au Salon des artistes français. Il a également exposé au Salon des indépendants, de 1927 à 1938, notamment des tableaux représentant des paysages de Haute-Savoie et du Midi, au Salon de l'école française en 1932 : Neige à Chamonix et Argentière (vallée de Chamonix) et au Salon d'hiver de 1945 à 1950. Sa palette est caractéristique et il apprécie tout particulièrement les effets de lever ou de coucher de soleil sur la neige ou les glaciers.

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2024 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

LES AIGUILLES DU CHARDONNET ET D'ARGENTIÊRES PEINTES PAR JULIEN BOUVIER

 

JULIEN BOUVIER (1913-1973)
Aiguille du Chardonnet (3,824 m)
Aiguille d'Argentières (3, 898 ou 3 900 m)
France / Suisse

Les montagnes

L'aiguille du Chardonnet (3,824 m) est un sommet du massif du Mont-Blanc dont le versant Nord, neigeux et glaciaire, propose un large choix de voies dont l'arête Forbes. Son versant Sud, bien plus chaotique avec ses nombreux éperons rocheux accueille quelques voies en paroi peu connues ainsi que deux couloirs skiables. L'aiguille du Chardonnet est le point culminant de la longue crête qui sépare le bassin du Tour au nord à celui d'Argentière au sud. Deux approches de l'aiguille du Chardonnet sont possibles : par le glacier du Tour ou par le glacier d'Argentière (puis celui du Chardonnet). La voie historique d'ascension est actuellement délaissée à la montée et sert de voie classique de descente.L'ascension se fait classiquement par l'arête Forbes que l'on peut agrémenter par la voie Gabarrou-Freuchet, ce qui ajoute de l'ampleur à la voie. L'éperon Migot et l'éperon Migot Intégral sont de bons itinéraires alternatifs à l'arête Forbes, très variés et moins fréquentés.

L'aiguille d'Argentière (3, 898 ou 3 900 m) est un sommet du massif du Mont-Blanc, entre le département français de Haute-Savoie et le canton suisse du Valais, culminant à
Elle est caractérisée par le glacier de Saleinaz sur son versant nord-est, un glacier de 6 km de longueur, et le glacier du Milieu, sur son versant sud-ouest, une grande étendue glaciaire entre deux hautes arêtes. L'aiguille d'Argentière abrite plusieurs voies très variées tant dans le style (rocher, neige, glace, arête) que dans la difficulté (PD+ à ED). La voie historique (couloir Whymper) est délaissée pour le glacier du Milieu, actuelle voie normale, plus généralement pratiquée à ski. Le refuge d'Argentière se rejoint par le téléphérique des Grands Montets et la traversée du glacier d'Argentière. Il convient ensuite de remonter le glacier du Milieu, entre les deux arêtes Straton et du Jardin

 

Le peintre
Julien Bouvier est issu d’une famille d’ébénistes d’art formés à l’école Boulle, à Paris Son père est tué à la guerre de 1914. Sa mère revient s’installer à Chambéry où elle se remarie. C’est ainsi que le petit garçon, pupille de la Nation, fait ses études à l’orphelinat du Bocage. Le peintre Jean Bugnard l’accueille dans son atelier lui donnant de bonne heure le goût de la peinture. A 16 ans, il se présente au concours d’admission de l’Ecole des Arts Appliqués de Paris où il est reçu 1er. Durant cette période, il fréquente plusieurs académies de peinture dont la Grande Chaumière. Il revient à Chambéry pour ne plus quitter la Savoie.

Il fait son service militaire dans les chasseurs alpins au 13ème B.C.A. et servira d'abord au 93ème B.C.A. puis au 87ème B.C.A. pendant la guerre de 1939-1940.
A ses débuts, il réalise de nombreux dessins publicitaires et illustrations de livres et catalogues, qui lui permettent de vivre. Il se marie en 1937, ouvre un atelier à Chambéry et commence sa carrière de peintre. Certaines de ses plus belles toiles ont été détruites dans l’incendie de son atelier lors du bombardement de Chambéry en 1944. Membre du T.C.A.M et du C.A.F, il part souvent en haute montagne. Ce ne sont plus qu’ascensions et randonnées au cours desquelles en emportant son matériel sur son dos, il traduit dans ses multiples études toute la magnificence des sites parcourus.
Ami de Joseph Communal, Cariffa, Poignant, il fait partie du groupe de peintres alpinistes chambériens. Extrait d'une biographie écrite par 

Françoise Savy Bouvier (fille du peintre)

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2023 - Gravir les Montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau
 

LE MONT BLANC PEINT PAR JEAN-ANTOINE LINCK

JEAN-ANTOINE LINCK (1766-1843)
Le Mont Blanc (4807, 8 m)
France- Italie

In Le mont blanc vu de vallée Chamonix, 1805, Gravure, Musée des beaux arts de Genève

La montagne
Le mont Blanc (4807, 8m) en italien : Monte Bianco, dans le massif du Mont-Blanc, est le point culminant de la chaîne des Alpes. Il est le plus haut sommet d'Europe occidentale et le sixième sur le plan continental en prenant en compte les montagnes du Caucase, dont l'Elbrouz (5 643 mètres) est le plus haut sommet. Il se situe sur la frontière franco-italienne, entre le département de la Haute-Savoie (en France) et la région autonome de la Vallée d'Aoste (en Italie) ; cette frontière est l'objet d'un litige historique entre les deux pays. Le sommet, objet de fascination dans de nombreuses œuvres culturelles, a depuis plusieurs siècles représenté un objectif pour toutes sortes d'aventuriers, depuis sa première ascension en 1786. De nombreux itinéraires fréquentés permettent désormais de le gravir avec une préparation sérieuse. Afin de déterminer son altitude précise et quantifier l'évolution de celle-ci, des géomètres experts font l'ascension périodiquement. La dernière mesure connue, en 2021, est de 4 807,8 mètres. Le seuil de surfréquentation du mont Blanc est atteint, avec 300 à 400 départs par jour en été. Lors du sommet du Conseil national de la montagne qui s'est tenu à Sallanches, fin août 2006, il a été estimé que 25 000 à 30 000 personnes se sont lancées en 2005 à la conquête du mont Blanc. Avec l'ouverture des nouveaux marchés (Russie, Chine, Inde), ce sont 50 000 à 100 000 personnes qui pourraient demain tenter l'aventure, le chiffre de 200 000 ayant même été avancé. Ces perspectives sont cauchemardesques pour les défenseurs du site et pour certains responsables politiques de la vallée, comme le maire de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, commune sur laquelle se situe le mont Blanc. Lors de l'été 2003, avec la sécheresse et une fréquentation accrue du site, plusieurs dizaines de tonnes de détritus et déchets divers ont été laissées par les alpinistes qui campaient dans le secteur du refuge du Goûter. L'association Pro-mont Blanc a édité en 2002 le livre Le versant noir du mont Blanc qui expose les problèmes actuels et futurs qui se posent pour conserver le site en l'état.

Le peintre
Jean-Antoine Linck, est un peintre et dessinateur Suisse. Il est le fils de Jean-Conrad, émailleur et graveur genevois qui initie son apprentissage. Il est ensuite formé par le graveur Carl Hackert1, en compagnie de Wolfgang Adam Toepffer. En 1802, il ouvre son propre atelier à Genève dans le quartier de Montbrillant. Ses œuvres, représentant les environs de Genève, la Savoie1et les Alpes, sont inspirées de celles de Johann Ludwig Aberli et remportent un franc succès auprès notamment de Joséphine de Beauharnais, de Lucien Bonaparte et de Catherine II au moment même oùle tourisme alpin commence à se développer.
En collaboration avec Carl Hackert, il produit des vues de Genève et de ses environs destinées à la vente, comme celles des jardins de Plainpalais. En 1805, il dessine le château de Saint-Loup à Versoix, un édifice finalement démoli en 1953

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2023 - Wandering Vertexes ....
Errant au-dessus des Sommets Silencieux...
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

THE MER DE GLACE AND GRAND CHARMOZ PAINTED BY GABRIEL LOPPÉ

 

GABRIEL LOPPÉ (1825-1913),
Les Aiguilles du Grand Charmoz (3,445m -11,302ft)
France

In La Mer de Glace et les Grands Charmoz, Chamonix, Huile sur toile, 

Courtesy John Mitchell Fine Arts, London, and Artcurial Paris,

 
The painter
Toussaint Gabriel Loppé was a French painter, photographer and mountaineer. He became the first foreigner to be made a member of the Alpine Club in London. His father was a captain in the French Engineers and Loppé's childhood was spent in many different towns in south-eastern France. Aged twenty-one Loppé climbed a small mountain in the Languedoc and found a group of painters sketching on the summit. He had found his calling and subsequently went off to Geneva where he met the reputed leading Swiss landscapist, Alexandre Calame (1810 -1864). Loppé took up mountaineering in Grindelwald in the 1850s and made friends easily with the many English climbers in France and Switzerland. Although he was frequently labelled as a pupil of Calame and his rival François Diday, Loppé was almost an entirely self-taught artist. He became the first painter to work at higher altitudes during climbing expeditions earning the right to be considered the founder of the peintres-alpinistes school, which became established in the Savoie at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Notable followers of Loppé include, Charles Henri Contencin (1875-1955) and Jacques Fourcy (1906-1990). Together with the first ascent of Mt Mallet in Chamonix’s Grandes Jorasses range, Loppé made over 40 ascents of Mont Blanc during his climbing career, which lasted until the late 1890s. He frequently made oil sketches from alpine summits, including a panorama of the view from the summit of Mont Blanc.
His paintings became celebrated for their atmosphere and spontaneity and he soon found himself taking part in many exhibitions in London and in Paris.
By 1896 Loppé had spent over fifty seasons climbing and painting in Chamonix. As the valley’s unrivalled ‘Court painter’ his work was in constant demand with the majority of his pictures going to English climbers and summer tourists.
In his later years, Loppé became fascinated with photography and was quite an innovator in this field too. His long exposure photograph of the Eiffel Tower struck by lightning, now in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris remains one of his iconic images. 

 
The mountain
The Aiguille des Grands Charmoz (3,445 m), is one of the Chamonix needles in the Mont Blanc massif. It is made up of a ridge bristling with " gendarmes", including La Carrée, and Bâton Wicks. The first ascent was done on August 9, 1885 by H. Dunod and P. Vignon with the guides J. Desailloux, F. Folliguet, F. and G. Simond, by the corridor Charmoz-Grépon. It is today the normal way of descent, the climb generally being made by the south-west slope and the northwestern edge (AD +), climbed 15 July 1880 by Albert F. Mummery with Alexandre Burgener and Benedikt Venetz, which stopped before the summit at point 3 435 m. The Aiguille des Grands Charmoz is linked with the Aiguille du Grépon for the crossing of Charmoz-Grépon (D), one of the great rocky classics of the Mont Blanc massif. The first crossing was done by Laurent Croux in 1904. The first ascent of the north face, via the needle of the Republic, and crossing the edges of the Charmoz was done by Raymond Leininger and G. Bicavelle in 1946. In 1974, Jean-Claude Droyer succeeded the solo climb of the western pillar of the Grand Charmoz (Cordier lane opened in 1970 by Patrick Cordier).
The Mt Blanc is one of the 7 highest summits in earth, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !):
Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.

The Glacier
The Mer de Glace (Sea of Ice) is an alpine valley glacier located on the northern slope of the Mont-Blanc massif. It is formed by the confluence of the Tacul glacier and the Leschaux glacier and flows into the Arve valley, on the territory of the municipality of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, giving rise to the Arveyron. The glacier is seven kilometers long, its supply basin has a maximum length of twelve kilometers and an area of ​​40 km2, while its thickness reaches 300 meters. In the middle of the 20th century, an ice cave was pierced for the first time in the Mer de Glace. Due to the attraction's success, a cable car was put into service in 1961 to access it, then replaced by a cable car in 1988. Since 1973, an underground hydroelectric power station has been using the meltwater from the glacier.
Almost a million visitors go to Montenvers every year to contemplate the Mer de Glace. During peak periods, half of them visit the ice cave. Three museums are also located on the site. Skiing is possible from the Aiguille du Midi in winter. However, the retreat of the glacier, measured since 1860-1870, causes a loss of thickness of 120 meters in a century in its terminal part. It causes difficulties at the level of the ice cave, where more and more steps are necessary to reach the gondola, and requires considering its upstream movement, like the catchment of the hydroelectric power station in 2011.
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2022 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC & THE MER DE GLACE BY JOHN RUSKIN

JOHN RUSKIN (1819-1900),
The Mont Blanc (4,808.13 m - 15,776.7 ft)
France - Italy border

In Mer de Glace Chamonix, watercolor on paper, 1849, Ruskin Foundation

The painter  

John Ruskin was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy. His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. Ruskin also penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art was later superseded by a preference for plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation. He was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century, and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". From the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain", published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871–1884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.

The mountain
Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are : Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.
The Glacier
The Mer de Glace  ( Sea of Ice) is an alpine valley glacier located on the northern slope of the Mont-Blanc massif, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is formed by the confluence of the Tacul glacier and the Leschaux glacier and flows into the Arve valley, on the territory of the municipality of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, giving rise to the Arveyron. The glacier is seven kilometers long, its supply basin has a maximum length of twelve kilometers and an area of ​​40 km2, while its thickness reaches 300 meters.
In the seventeenth century, the glacier, which descends into the valley and threatens homes, is feared by the population, so that only its terminal tongue is known, under the name of Glacier des Bois. Then finished by a natural cave, it is the subject of numerous paintings. Its current name was given to it in 1741 by William Windham during the exploration he carried out with his British compatriot Richard Pococke. Two decades later, Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, the future instigator of the first ascent of Mont Blanc, made several observations of the glacier and asked Marc-Théodore Bourrit to promote it. It thus contributes to the development of alpine tourism and to the visit of numerous personalities of letters as well as of the aristocracy; scientists carried out experiments there in the 19th century. To shelter them, three increasingly large and comfortable shelters were successively built in Montenvers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Montenvers railway, leaving from Chamonix, was created. In the middle of the century, an ice cave was pierced for the first time in the Mer de Glace. Due to the attraction's success, a cable car was put into service in 1961 to access it, then replaced by a cable car in 1988. Since 1973, an underground hydroelectric power station has been using the meltwater from the glacier.
Almost a million visitors go to Montenvers every year to contemplate the Mer de Glace. During peak periods, half of them visit the ice cave. Three museums are also located on the site. Skiing is possible from the Aiguille du Midi in winter. However, the retreat of the glacier, measured since 1860-1870, causes a loss of thickness of 120 meters in a century in its terminal part. It causes difficulties at the level of the ice cave, where more and more steps are necessary to reach the gondola, and requires considering its upstream movement, like the catchment of the hydroelectric power station in 2011.
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2021 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC PAINTED BY JEAN-ANTOINE LINCK

 

 

 

JEAN-ANTOINE LINCK (1766-1843)
The Mont Blanc (4,808.73 m -15,777 ft)
France-Italy border

In Vue du Mont blanc à partir du Col de Balme, Estampe, 50 x50cm, 

Musée Alpin de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc

About this picture
This print represents the Chamonix valley seen from the Col de Balme. This point of view allows the spectator to embrace the major part of the Mont-Blanc massif and the valley bottom by following the course of the Arve. Jean-Antoine Linck offers a relatively realistic panorama, sometimes exaggerating the bristling of summits and seracs. In the foreground, the artist has placed a few figures who seem to be tourists in awe of the landscape accompanied by a guide leaning against the border post with his two mules. Linck was trained in Geneva in his father's workshop in the context of the "Fabrique" which brings together watchmakers, jewelers and painters on enamel. It was in this dynamic artistic environment of the second half of the 18th century that the first engravers appeared who made the Chamonix valley known through their watercolor prints. A real industry of landscape engraving is then set up. Linck is one of the greatest representatives of this artistic movement linked to the rise of alpine tourism and a new craze for the landscape. He creates high-quality etched works, very popular with travelers, which he sells in his Geneva boutique. In his "Manual of the traveler in Switzerland" of 1818, Ebel moreover advises the latter in order to find the best artists. He quotes Linck in particular and specifies that this print was worth 18 pounds, a fairly large sum for the time. Despite everything, the print is reproducible and cheaper than a painting. It therefore lends itself perfectly to the request of visitors to take with them views of the regions visited.

The artist
Jean-Antoine Linck, is a swiss painter and draftsman who lived and worked at the end of the 18th century and beginning of 19th century, at the time nature and mountains were up to date in high society in Switzerland and France.He is the son of Jean-Conrad, an enameller and engraver from Geneva who initiates his apprenticeship. He was then trained by Carl Hackert with Wolfgang Adam Toepffer. In 1802, he opened his own studio in Geneva, in the district of Montbrillant. His works, depicting the surroundings of Geneva, Savoy, the Alps and the Mont Blanc, were inspired by those of the great master of that " genre" Johann Ludwig Aberli and were successful with Josephine de Beauharnais, the French Empress and Catherine II, the Russian Empress, meanwhile alpine tourism began to develop

The mountain
The Mont Blanc (4,808.73 m -15,777 ft) or Monte Bianco, both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summits, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :
Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.
The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.
The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. Constructed beginning in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.
Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated.
From 1416 to 1792, the entire mountain was within the Duchy of Savoy. In 1723 the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, acquired the Kingdom of Sardinia. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the Italian unification.[ In September 1792, the French revolutionary Army of the Alps under Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac seized Savoy without much resistance and created a department of the Mont-Blanc. In a treaty of 15 May 1796, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France. A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the summit lying two thirds in Italy and one third in France.
Although the Franco-Italian border was redefined in both 1947 and 1963, the commission made up of both Italians and French ignored the Mont Blanc issue. In the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the Italian town of Courmayeur and the French town of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, although the larger part of the mountain lies within the commune of the latter.

_______________________________________


2021 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

MONTE BIANCO PAINTED BY CESARE MAGGI

 

 CESARE MAGGI (1881-1962)
The Mont Blanc (4,808.13 m - 15,776.7 ft)
France - Italy border

In  A view of Monte Bianco from Entrèves, Oil on canvas, 70x100 cm,  Private collection 

 

The painter
The italian painter Cesare Maggi was born into a family of actors, Maggi embarked on classical studies at his father’s wish but also took up painting at a very early age His debut in Florence at the Esposizione Annuale della Società di Belle Arti di Firenze in 1898 was followed by a short trip to Paris to catch up with the latest developments.
The crucial turning point in Maggi’s art came in 1889 with the posthumous show of work by Giovanni Segantini held by the Milanese Society of Fine Arts, which prompted a definitive shift to landscape painting of a Divisionist character. After a short stay in the Engadin, he returned to Milan before finally settling in Turin. Commercial collaboration with Alberto Grubicy until 1913 enabled Maggi to establish himself quickly as one of the leading representatives of the second generation of Divisionist painters in Italy. He painted a repertoire of readily comprehensible mountain landscapes focusing primarily on aspects of the visual perception of the reflection of light and colour but lacking the deep spirituality of Segantini’s work. He took part in the major Italian and European exhibitions and the Venice Biennale devoted an entire room to his work at the Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte of Venice in 1912. After an interlude devoted to portrait painting in the same decade, the artist’s mature work focused on greater simplification of subject matter, mostly in landscapes.
Maggi obtained the chair in painting at the Albertina Academy, Turin, in 1936.

The mountain
Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are : Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.
The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.
The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. Constructed beginning in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.
Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated.
From 1416 to 1792, the entire mountain was within the Duchy of Savoy. In 1723 the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, acquired the Kingdom of Sardinia. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the Italian unification.[ In September 1792, the French revolutionary Army of the Alps under Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac seized Savoy without much resistance and created a department of the Mont-Blanc. In a treaty of 15 May 1796, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France. In article 4 of this treaty it says: "The border between the Sardinian kingdom and the departments of the French Republic will be established on a line determined by the most advanced points on the Piedmont side, of the summits, peaks of mountains and other locations subsequently mentioned, as well as the intermediary peaks, knowing: starting from the point where the borders of Faucigny, the Duchy of Aoust and the Valais, to the extremity of the glaciers or Monts-Maudits: first the peaks or plateaus of the Alps, to the rising edge of the Col-Mayor". This act further states that the border should be visible from the town of Chamonix and Courmayeur. However, neither the peak of the Mont Blanc is visible from Courmayeur nor the peak of the Mont Blanc de Courmayeur is visible from Chamonix because part of the mountains lower down obscure them. A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the summit lying two thirds in Italy and one third in France.
After the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna restored the King of Sardinia in Savoy, Nice and Piedmont, his traditional territories, overruling the 1796 Treaty of Paris. Forty-five years later, after the Second Italian War of Independence, it was replaced by a new legal act. This act was signed in Turin on 24 March 1860 by Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, and deals with the annexation of Savoy (following the French neutrality for the plebiscites held in Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna to join the Kingdom of Sardinia, against the Pope's will). A demarcation agreement, signed on 7 March 1861, defines the new border. With the formation of Italy, for the first time Mont Blanc is located on the border of France and Italy.
The 1860 act and attached maps are still legally valid for both the French and Italian governments. One of the prints from the 1823 Sarde Atlas positions the border exactly on the summit edge of the mountain (and measures it to be 4,804 m (15,761 ft) high). The convention of 7 March 1861 recognises this through an attached map, taking into consideration the limits of the massif, and drawing the border on the icecap of Mont Blanc, making it both French and Italian.Watershed analysis of modern topographic mapping not only places the main summit on the border, but also suggests that the border should follow a line northwards from the main summit towards Mont Maudit, leaving the southeast ridge to Mont Blanc de Courmayeur wholly within Italy.
Although the Franco-Italian border was redefined in both 1947 and 1963, the commission made up of both Italians and French ignored the Mont Blanc issue. In the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the Italian town of Courmayeur and the French town of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, although the larger part of the mountain lies within the commune of the latter.

 
___________________________________________
2021- Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau 

AIGUILLE NOIRE DE PEUTEREY PAINTED BY CHARLES-HENRI CONTENCIN

CHARLES-HENRI CONTENCIN (1898 - 1955)
Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (3,773 m - 12,379 ft)
Italy

 In The Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, Mont Blanc, France Huile sur toile 54x73, John Mitchell Gallery London

The mountain  

The Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (3,773 m - 12,379 ft) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif in Italy, forming part of the Peuterey ridge to the summit of Mont Blanc with its higher neighbour, the Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey. The best-known route on the mountain is the south ridge (TD), first climbed by Karl Brendelet and Hermann Schaller, on 26 and 27 August 1930; it remains one of the great classic rock routes in the massif. The first ascent of the complete Peuterey ridge including the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey (the Intégrale) was on 28–31 July 1934 by Adolf Göttner, Ludwig Schmaderer and Ferdinand Krobath. On 21 August 2010 23-year-old Chloé Graftiaux, a leading Belgian sport climber, fell to her death on the mountain.

The painter
Charles-Henri Contencin (1898-1955) is a French painter who painted many landscapes of mountains and high mountains of the great Alpine peaks (mainly Mont Blanc and Massif and the Écrins). His palette is very characteristic. He particularly used the effects of sunrise or sunset over snow or glaciers. Raised in the Bernese Oberland to the age of 10-12 years, it was a lifelong mountain lover. Good climber, he was a member of the French Alpine Club, where he made the connection with the Mountain Painters Society (SPM). He made the First World War in the infantry and he received the War Cross. He then worked in an architectural office and at the Compagnie des chemins de Fer du Nord before joining the french national railways company, the SNCF, where he was responsible for engineering structures.
In addition to his professional designs it is also author of posters and handbills for the railways under the pseudonym "Charles-Henri." He is best known for its mountain paintings and left an important work. After many years of contempt coming mainly from parisian critics and intelligentsia, Contencin is now recognized worldwide as one of the major mountain painters of the 20th century.

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2021 -  Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC BY J.M.W. TURNER

 

J.M.W. TURNER (1775-1851)

Mont Blanc (4,808.13 m - 15,776.7 ft)

  France - Italy  border

 In  Bonneville, Savoy, with Mont Blanc, 1803, Oil on Canvas,  92 x 123.2 cm, 

The Dallas Museum of Art (Gift of Nancy Hamon) 

The mountain 

Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence.  The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass.  The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :  

Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m),  Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko  (2,228m) in Australia.

The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.

Moreabout Mont Blanc

The painter 

The english painter Joseph Mallord William Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence in the history of painting. Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light" and his work is regarded as a Romantic preface to Impressionism.

More about Turner 

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2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC BY JULES-LOUIS-PHILIPPE COIGNET

 

JULES-LOUIS-PHILIPPE COIGNET (1798-1860)

 The Mont Blanc  (4,808m -15,777 ft)

 France Italy border

In Vue de Saint-Gervais,1843, Private collection 

The mountain 

Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence.  The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass.  The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :  

Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m),  Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko  (2,228m) in Australia.

More about the Mont Blanc 

The painter  

Jules Louis Philippe Coignet was  was a noted french landscape painter who had studied under Jean-Victor Bertin. He travelled a good deal in his own country as well as elsewhere in Europe and the East, and produced a considerable number of views. A regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon exhibitions, he was awarded a gold medal there in 1824 and was given state recognition by being made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1836.
As a painter, Coignet holds a middle place between the Idealists and the Realists, and his work is remarkable for the combination of vigour and delicacy in the effects of light and shade, for poetical feeling, for a firm brush, and occasionally for grandeur of conception. This is particularly evident in "The Ruins of the Temple of Paestum", now in Munich's Neue Pinakothek. There are times too when his paintings have an atmospheric, almost Impressionist effect. One example is the coastal sunset in the Louvre;  another is the pastel "Grey weather over the sea" (1848) in the Dijon Fine Arts Museum.
Following the 1824 exhibition in Paris of John Constable's paintings, Coignet began painting outside in the forest of Fontainebleau and encouraged his students to do the same. One of his specialities was painting tree 'portraits', of which there are many examples, both as finished paintings and as sketches in oil paint. Two notable examples are the ancient oak, with a dolmen and meditating monk in the background, in the Quimper museum  and the dramatic "Oak tree and reeds" in the Musée Jean de La Fontaine at Château-Thierry.  As a pioneer of open air painting (la peinture de plein air), Coignet has been counted a member of the Barbizon school, the artists associated with the village of Barbizon, where he had painted long before they settled there. In fact one of the minor members of this school, the genre painter Ferdinand Chaigneau, was a pupil of Coignet's.
In addition to producing many water-colours, pastels and etchings, he wrote a book on landscape painting and published in 1825 a series of sixty Italian views.

______________________________

2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC (2) BY GABRIEL LOPPÉ

GABRIEL LOPPÉ (1825-1913)

The Mont Blanc (4,808.13 m - 15,776.7 ft)

 France, Italy border

In Sur le col du Géant – Soleil levant sur le Mont Blanc,  oil on canvas, 51 x 35.5cm,   1890,   Courtesy William Mitchell Gallery, London

The painter 

Toussaint Gabriel Loppé was a French painter, photographer and mountaineer. He became the first foreigner to be made a member of the Alpine Club in London. His father was a captain in the French Engineers and Loppé's childhood was spent in many different towns in south-eastern France. Aged twenty-one Loppé climbed a small mountain in the Languedoc and found a group of painters sketching on the summit. He had found his calling and subsequently went off to Geneva where he met the reputed leading Swiss landscapist, Alexandre Calame (1810 -1864). Loppé took up mountaineering in Grindelwald in the 1850s and made friends easily with the many English climbers in France and Switzerland. Although he was frequently labelled as a pupil of Calame and his rival François Diday, Loppé was almost an entirely self-taught artist. He became the first painter to work at higher altitudes during climbing expeditions earning the right to be considered the founder of the peintres-alpinistes school, which became established in the Savoie at the turn of the nineteenth century.

Notable followers of Loppé include, Charles Henri Contencin (1875-1955) and Jacques Fourcy (1906-1990). Together with the first ascent of Mt Mallet in Chamonix’s Grandes Jorasses range, Loppé made over 40 ascents of Mont Blanc during his climbing career, which lasted until the late 1890s.  He frequently made oil sketches from alpine summits, including a panorama of the view from the summit of Mont Blanc.

His paintings became celebrated for their atmosphere and spontaneity and he soon found himself taking part in many exhibitions in London and in Paris.

By 1896 Loppé had spent over fifty seasons climbing and painting in Chamonix. As the valley’s unrivalled ‘Court painter’ his work was in constant demand with the majority of his pictures going to English climbers and summer tourists.

In his later years, Loppé became fascinated with photography and was quite an innovator in this field too. His long exposure photograph of the Eiffel Tower struck by lightning, now in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris remains one of his iconic images. 

The mountain 

Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It rises 4,808.73 m (15,777 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence.  The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass.  The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :  

Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m),  Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko  (2,228m) in Australia.

The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.

The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France.  A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. Constructed beginning in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.

Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated.

More about The Mont Blanc 

_____________________________

2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC (2) PAINTED BY CESARE MAGGI

 

 CESARE MAGGI (1881-1962)  

The Mont Blanc (4,808 m -15,777 ft)
 (from Italian side)

France - Italy

In  The Mont Blanc seen from Italy, Oil on canvas, 70 x 100 cm, Prviate collection

The mountain
The Mont-Blanc (in French) (4 ,808.73 m -15,777 ft) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are : Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.

The overcrowding threshold of Mont Blanc is reached, with 300 to 400 departures per day in summer.

 At the summit of the National Mountain Council held in Sallanches at the end of August 2006, it was estimated that between 25,000 and 30,000 people set out in 2005 to conquer Mont Blanc. With the opening of new markets (Russia, China, India), 50,000 to 100,000 people could tomorrow try the adventure, the figure of 200,000 has even been advanced. 

These prospects are nightmarish for the defenders of the site and for some political leaders of the valley, such as the mayor of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, common on which Mont Blanc is located.

- More about the Mont-Blanc

The painter
The italian painter Cesare Maggi was born into a family of actors, Maggi embarked on classical studies at his father’s wish but also took up painting at a very early age His debut in Florence at the Esposizione Annuale della Società di Belle Arti di Firenze in 1898 was followed by a short trip to Paris to catch up with the latest developments.
The crucial turning point in Maggi’s art came in 1889 with the posthumous show of work by Giovanni Segantini held by the Milanese Society of Fine Arts, which prompted a definitive shift to landscape painting of a Divisionist character. After a short stay in the Engadin, he returned to Milan before finally settling in Turin. Commercial collaboration with Alberto Grubicy until 1913 enabled Maggi to establish himself quickly as one of the leading representatives of the second generation of Divisionist painters in Italy. He painted a repertoire of readily comprehensible mountain landscapes focusing primarily on aspects of the visual perception of the reflection of light and colour but lacking the deep spirituality of Segantini’s work. He took part in the major Italian and European exhibitions and the Venice Biennale devoted an entire room to his work at the Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte of Venice in 1912. After an interlude devoted to portrait painting in the same decade, the artist’s mature work focused on greater simplification of subject matter, mostly in landscapes.
Maggi obtained the chair in painting at the Albertina Academy, Turin, in 1936.
___________________________________________
2019 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC PAINTED BY CESARE MAGGI

CESARE MAGGI (1881-1962)

The Mont Blanc (4,808 m -15,777 ft)
 (from Italian side)

France - Italy 

 In A snowstorm over the Mont-Blanc oil on canvas, 100 x 70 cm, Private collection 

The mountain
The Mont-Blanc (in French) (4 ,808.73 m -15,777 ft) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summit, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are : Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.

The overcrowding threshold of Mont Blanc is reached, with 300 to 400 departures per day in summer.

 At the summit of the National Mountain Council held in Sallanches at the end of August 2006, it was estimated that between 25,000 and 30,000 people set out in 2005 to conquer Mont Blanc. With the opening of new markets (Russia, China, India), 50,000 to 100,000 people could tomorrow try the adventure, the figure of 200,000 has even been advanced. 

These prospects are nightmarish for the defenders of the site and for some political leaders of the valley, such as the mayor of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, common on which Mont Blanc is located.

- More about the Mont-Blanc

The painter
The italian painter Cesare Maggi was born into a family of actors, Maggi embarked on classical studies at his father’s wish but also took up painting at a very early age His debut in Florence at the Esposizione Annuale della Società di Belle Arti di Firenze in 1898 was followed by a short trip to Paris to catch up with the latest developments.
The crucial turning point in Maggi’s art came in 1889 with the posthumous show of work by Giovanni Segantini held by the Milanese Society of Fine Arts, which prompted a definitive shift to landscape painting of a Divisionist character. After a short stay in the Engadin, he returned to Milan before finally settling in Turin. Commercial collaboration with Alberto Grubicy until 1913 enabled Maggi to establish himself quickly as one of the leading representatives of the second generation of Divisionist painters in Italy. He painted a repertoire of readily comprehensible mountain landscapes focusing primarily on aspects of the visual perception of the reflection of light and colour but lacking the deep spirituality of Segantini’s work. He took part in the major Italian and European exhibitions and the Venice Biennale devoted an entire room to his work at the Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte of Venice in 1912. After an interlude devoted to portrait painting in the same decade, the artist’s mature work focused on greater simplification of subject matter, mostly in landscapes.
Maggi obtained the chair in painting at the Albertina Academy, Turin, in 1936.
___________________________________________
2019 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

MONT BLANC IN SUMMER BY GABRIEL LOPPÉ

GABRIEL LOPPÉ (1825-1913)

The Mont Blanc (4,808.13 m - 15,776.7 ft)

France, Italy border

In  Le Mont-Blanc et la Vallée de Chamonix en été, huile sur carton, (15 x 24 cm) John Mitchell Fine paintings,  London

The mountain 
The Mont Blanc (4,808.73 m -15,777 ft) or Monte Bianco, both meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe after the Caucasus peaks. It is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The Mont Blanc is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass. The 7 highest summits, (which are obviously 8 with 2 in Europe !) are :
Mount Everest (8,848m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194m), Kilimandjaro (5,895m), Mt Elbrus (5,642m), Mount Vinson (4,892m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228m) in Australia.
The mountain lies in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France. The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding.
The three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du Géant. Constructed beginning in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.
Since the French Revolution, the issue of the ownership of the summit has been debated.
From 1416 to 1792, the entire mountain was within the Duchy of Savoy. In 1723 the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II, acquired the Kingdom of Sardinia. The resulting state of Sardinia was to become preeminent in the Italian unification.[ In September 1792, the French revolutionary Army of the Alps under Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac seized Savoy without much resistance and created a department of the Mont-Blanc. In a treaty of 15 May 1796, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to cede Savoy and Nice to France. A Sardinian Atlas map of 1869 showing the summit lying two thirds in Italy and one third in France.
Although the Franco-Italian border was redefined in both 1947 and 1963, the commission made up of both Italians and French ignored the Mont Blanc issue. In the early 21st century, administration of the mountain is shared between the Italian town of Courmayeur and the French town of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, although the larger part of the mountain lies within the commune of the latter.

The painter 
Toussaint Gabriel Loppé was a French painter, photographer and mountaineer. He became the first foreigner to be made a member of the Alpine Club in London. His father was a captain in the French Engineers and Loppé's childhood was spent in many different towns in south-eastern France. Aged twenty-one Loppé climbed a small mountain in the Languedoc and found a group of painters sketching on the summit. He had found his calling and subsequently went off to Geneva where he met the reputed leading Swiss landscapist, Alexandre Calame (1810 -1864). Loppé took up mountaineering in Grindelwald in the 1850s and made friends easily with the many English climbers in France and Switzerland. Although he was frequently labelled as a pupil of Calame and his rival François Diday, Loppé was almost an entirely self-taught artist. He became the first painter to work at higher altitudes during climbing expeditions earning the right to be considered the founder of the peintres-alpinistes school, which became established in the Savoie at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Notable followers of Loppé include, Charles Henri Contencin (1875-1955) and Jacques Fourcy (1906-1990). Together with the first ascent of Mt Mallet in Chamonix’s Grandes Jorasses range, Loppé made over 40 ascents of Mont Blanc during his climbing career, which lasted until the late 1890s. He frequently made oil sketches from alpine summits, including a panorama of the view from the summit of Mont Blanc.
His paintings became celebrated for their atmosphere and spontaneity and he soon found himself taking part in many exhibitions in London and in Paris.
By 1896 Loppé had spent over fifty seasons climbing and painting in Chamonix. As the valley’s unrivalled ‘Court painter’ his work was in constant demand with the majority of his pictures going to English climbers and summer tourists.
In his later years, Loppé became fascinated with photography and was quite an innovator in this field too. His long exposure photograph of the Eiffel Tower struck by lightning, now in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris remains one of his iconic images.
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2019 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau

THE MONT BLANC PAINTED BY GUSTAVE-EUGÈNE CASTAN

GUSTAVE-EUGÈNE CASTAN (1823-1892)  

The Mont Blanc (4,808 m - 15,776.7 ft)
 France, Italy border

In Climbers ascending Mont Blanc via the Grands Mulets Glacier, Chamonix, France, 

oil on paper laid on canvas (38 x 57cm) signed, circa 1885 

Courtesy John Mitchell Gallery, London  

Notice from the John Mitchell Gallery's catalogue : 
Only a handful of glacier scenes exist by this classically trained Swiss painter, academician and printmaker. This fine study, made in oils on paper en plein air, is as fascinating as it is rare. Born in Geneva, Castan was a direct contemporary of Gabriel Loppé when they were both students of Alexandre Calame between 1844 and 1846. After an apprenticeship with Rodolphe Töpffer in Geneva, Castan travelled to Meiringen in the Bernese Oberland to study landscape with Calame. Castan’s friendship with Loppé lasted beyond those two summers and, in all likelihood, it was Loppé who took him up to the Grands Mulets to paint this scene. Having established himself as a regular participant at the Paris Salon between 1855 and 1882 Castan became a successful landscape painter inspired by Corot and Daubigny and is better known today for his views of the Normandy coastline. Indeed, there are no Salon records of any similar high Alpine scenes by him and this painting was surely done as a record of his expedition to the flanks of Mont Blanc. The spidery figures were perhaps a later addition by the painter even if their scale is in proportion to their surrounding glaciers and crevasses.

The painter  
The Swiss lithographer, landscape painter and engraver Gustave- Eugène Castan was   trained in the studio of Alexandre Calame, whom he accompanied in Italy in 1844, then, the following year, in the Bernese Oberland. During his studies, he became friends with the French painter Eugène Castelnau and followed him to Paris in 1849. In 1850, he visited France and met the painter Auguste Ravier and, in 1852, Corot, which has a decisive influence on him. In 1856, he was mobilized in the context of the Neuchâtel affair and drew current events. In 1857, he went to the Paris Salon, which he visited with Corot, then traveled through Brittany and Normandy. He then divides his life between Switzerland and France and often goes to the Berry where he becomes a familiar of George Sand. It is during one of these visits that she makes him discover the landscapes of the Creuse. He then goes there every year during the summer months and contributes to the birth of the "Valley of painters" and the Crozant school.
In 1865, Castan was a founding member of the Swiss Society of Painters and Sculptors, of which he was president in 1887.
 The emperor Napoleon III bought his painting A morning autumn, making Castan definitely famous.  He presented landscapes of Belgium, Normandy, Brittany, Dauphiné and Creuse. He also participated in the Vienna International Exhibition in 1873 and the Jubiläumsausstellung in Munich in 1888.

The mountain 
 Full Wandering Vertexes entry for Mont Blanc = > 

___________________________________________
2019 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau