EL MULHACEN PEINT PAR EUGÈNE DELACROIX

 

EUGÈNE DELACROIX (1798-1863)
El Mulhacen (3,479 m)
Espagne (Andalousie)

In "Salobrña", aquarelle sur papier, Musée Delacroix, Paris.

A propos de cette œuvre : 
C'est au cours d'une de ces voyages vers l'Afique du Nord que Delacroix saisit dans son carnet cette aquarelle du Mulhacen que l'on aperçoit ici  dans le lointain derriere le  piton du village de Salobreña  au premier plan qui donne son nom à cette œuvre. 

La montagne
Le mont Mulhacén (3,479 m) est le plus haut sommet de la péninsule Ibérique. Il se trouve dans la province de Grenade, dans le Sud-Est de l'Espagne et fait partie de la sierra Nevada, elle-même rattachée aux cordillères Bétiques. Son nom vient de Muley Hacén (espagnol), ou Mulay (titre honorifique donné en arabe correspondant à « seigneur ») Abû al-Hassan, avant-dernier roi de Grenade au 15e siècle. La légende dit qu'il est enterré au sommet de cette montagne qui reçut son nom. Il est le troisième sommet d'Europe occidentale par sa hauteur, après le mont Blanc (4 808 m) et le volcan  Etna (3 330 m ). Il s'agit de la montagne d'Europe la plus élevée en dehors des Alpes et du Caucase. Le point culminant du territoire espagnol est le volcan Teide (3 715 m) qui se trouve géographiquement sur les îles Canaries et donc en Afrique.  Le Mulhacén  se trouve à la jonction des communes de Trevélez, Güéjar-Sierra et Capileira. Il est visible par temps clair depuis la mer.

Le peintre
Eugène Delacroix est un peintre français considéré comme le principal représentant du romantisme, dont la vigueur correspond à l'étendue de sa carrière. À 40 ans, sa réputation est suffisamment établie pour lui permettre de recevoir d'importantes commandes de l'État. Il peint sur toile et décore les murs et plafonds de monuments publics. Il laisse en outre des gravures et lithographies, plusieurs articles écrits pour des revues et un Journal publié peu après sa mort et plusieurs fois réédité. Remarqué au Salon en 1824, il produit dans les années suivantes des œuvres s'inspirant d'anecdotes historiques ou littéraires aussi bien que d'événements contemporains (La Liberté guidant le peuple) ou d'un voyage au Maghreb (Femmes d'Alger dans leur appartement). Concernant l'aquarelle, c'est en 1816,  que Delacroix rencontre Charles-Raymond Soulier, aquarelliste amateur anglophile élève de Copley Fielding revenu d'Angleterre. Cet ami et Richard Parkes Bonington familiarisent Delacroix avec l'art de l’aquarelle, qui l'éloigne des normes académiques enseignées aux Beaux-Arts. Les Britanniques associent l’aquarelle à la gouache et utilisent divers procédés comme l’emploi des gommes, de vernis et de grattages. Soulier lui enseigne également les rudiments de la langue anglaise. Du 24 avril à la fin août 1825 il voyage en Angleterre. Il découvre le théâtre de Shakespeare  deux ans avant qu'une troupe anglaise se déplace à Paris. Delacroix trouvera des sujets dans le théâtre tout au long de sa carrière : Hamlet et Horatio au cimetière (1839, musée du Louvre) et Hamlet et Horatio devant les fossoyeurs avec la tête de mort (1843, château-musée de Nemours).  Ces sujets se mêleront jusqu’à sa mort aux thèmes orientaux, littéraires, historiques ou religieux. À partir de ce voyage, la technique de l'aquarelle acquiert une importance dans son œuvre. Elle lui sera d'une grande aide lors de son voyage en Afrique du Nord, pour pouvoir en restituer toutes les couleurs.

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2023 - Wandering Vertexes ....
Errant au-dessus des Sommets Silencieux...
Un blog de Francis Rousseau

EL MULHACEN (3) BY JOAQUIN SOROLLA

 JOAQUIN SOROLLA Y BATISDA (1863-1923),

  El Mulhacén  (3, 478 m - 11,411ft)

Spain

 In  La sierra Nevada Spain from the Alhambra, Granada 

The mountain 

Mulhacén (3, 478 m - 11,411ft) is the highest mountain in continental Spain and in the Iberian Peninsula. It is part of the Sierra Nevada range in the Cordillera Penibética. It is named after Abu l-Hasan Ali, or Muley Hacén as he is known in Spanish, the penultimate Muslim King of Granada in the 15th century who, according to legend, was buried on the summit of the mountain.

Mulhacén is the highest peak in Europe outside the Caucasus Mountains and the Alps. It is also the third most topographically prominent peak in Western Europe, after Mont Blanc and Mount Etna, and is ranked 64th in the world by prominence.  The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in terms of steepness or local relief. The south flank of the mountain is gentle and presents no technical challenge, as is the case for the long west ridge. The shorter, somewhat steeper north east ridge is slightly more technical. The north face of the mountain, however, is much steeper, and offers several routes involving moderately steep climbing on snow and ice (up to French grade AD) in the winter

Mulhacén can be climbed in a single day from the villages of either Capileira or Trevélez, but it is more common to spend a night at the mountain refuge at Poqueira, or in the bare shelter at Caldera to the west. Those making the ascent from Trevelez can also bivouac at the tarns to the northeast of the peak.

The painter 

Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida  was a Spanish painter.  Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes, and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the sunlight of his native land.

Sorolla's influence on some other Spanish painters, such as Alberto Pla y Rubio and Julio Romero de Torres, was so noted that they are described as "sorollista."

After his death, Sorolla's widow, Clotilde Garcia del Castillo, left many of his paintings to the Spanish public. The paintings eventually formed the collection that is now known as the Museo Sorolla, which was the artist's house in Madrid. The museum opened in 1932.

Early in 1911, Sorolla visited the United States for a second time, and exhibited 152 new paintings at the Saint Louis Art Museum and 161 at the Art Institute of Chicago a few weeks later. Later that year Sorolla met Archie Huntington in Paris and signed a contract to paint a series of oils on life in Spain. These 14 magnificent murals, installed to this day in the Hispanic Society of America building in Manhattan, range from 12 to 14 feet in height, and total 227 feet in length.The major commission of his career, it would dominate the later years of Sorolla's life.

Huntington had envisioned the work depicting a history of Spain, but the painter preferred the less specific 'Vision of Spain', eventually opting for a representation of the regions of the Iberian Peninsula, and calling it The Provinces of Spain. Despite the immensity of the canvases, Sorolla painted all but one en plein air, and travelled to the specific locales to paint them: Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Elche, Seville, Andalusia, Extremadura, Galicia, Guipuzcoa, Castile, Leon, and Ayamonte, at each site painting models posed in local costume. Each mural celebrated the landscape and culture of its region, panoramas composed of throngs of laborers and locals. By 1917 he was, by his own admission, exhausted. He completed the final panel by July 1919.

Sorolla suffered a stroke in 1920, while painting a portrait in his garden in Madrid. Paralyzed for over three years, he died on 10 August 1923. He is buried in the Cementeri de Valencia, Spain.

The Sorolla Room, housing the Provinces of Spain at the Hispanic Society of America, opened to the public in 1926. The room closed for remodeling in 2008, and the murals toured museums in Spain for the first time. The Sorolla Room reopened in 2010, with the murals on permanent display.

Sorolla's work is represented in museums throughout Spain, Europe, America, and in many private collections in Europe and America. In 1933, J. Paul Getty purchased ten Impressionist beach scenes made by Sorolla, several of which are now housed in the J. Paul Getty Museum.

In 2007 many of his works were exhibited at the Petit Palais in Paris, alongside those of John Singer Sargent, a contemporary who painted in a similarly impressionist-influenced manner. In 2009, there was a special exhibition of his works at the Prado in Madrid, and in 2010, the exhibition visited the Oscar Niemeyer Museum in Curitiba, Brazil.

From 5 December 2011 to 10 March 2012, several of Sorolla's works were exhibited in Queen Sofia Spanish Institute, in New York. This exhibition included pieces used during Sorolla's eight-year research for The Vision of Spain.

EL MULHACEN ( 3) PAINTED BY JOAQUIN SOROLLA Y BATISDA

 

JOAQUIN SOROLLA Y BATISDA (1863-1923)

Mulhacén (3, 478 m - 11,411ft)

Spain

In Granada, oil on canvas, 1890

The mountain
Mulhacén (3, 478 m - 11,411ft) is the highest mountain in continental Spain and in the Iberian Peninsula. It is part of the Sierra Nevada range in the Cordillera Penibética. It is named after Abu l-Hasan Ali, or Muley Hacén as he is known in Spanish, the penultimate Muslim King of Granada in the 15th century who, according to legend, was buried on the summit of the mountain.
Mulhacén is the highest peak in Europe outside the Caucasus Mountains and the Alps. It is also the third most topographically prominent peak in Western Europe, after Mont Blanc and Mount Etna, and is ranked 64th in the world by prominence. The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in terms of steepness or local relief. The south flank of the mountain is gentle and presents no technical challenge, as is the case for the long west ridge. The shorter, somewhat steeper north east ridge is slightly more technical. The north face of the mountain, however, is much steeper, and offers several routes involving moderately steep climbing on snow and ice (up to French grade AD) in the winter
Mulhacén can be climbed in a single day from the villages of either Capileira or Trevélez, but it is more common to spend a night at the mountain refuge at Poqueira, or in the bare shelter at Caldera to the west. Those making the ascent from Trevelez can also bivouac at the tarns to the northeast of the peak.


The painter
Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida was a Spanish painter. Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes, and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the sunlight of his native land.
Sorolla's influence on some other Spanish painters, such as Alberto Pla y Rubio and Julio Romero de Torres, was so noted that they are described as "sorollista."  After his death, Sorolla's widow, Clotilde Garcia del Castillo, left many of his paintings to the Spanish public. The paintings eventually formed the collection that is now known as the Museo Sorolla, which was the artist's house in Madrid. The museum opened in 1932.
Early in 1911, Sorolla visited the United States for a second time, and exhibited 152 new paintings at the Saint Louis Art Museum and 161 at the Art Institute of Chicago a few weeks later. Later that year Sorolla met Archie Huntington in Paris and signed a contract to paint a series of oils on life in Spain. These 14 magnificent murals, installed to this day in the Hispanic Society of America building in Manhattan, range from 12 to 14 feet in height, and total 227 feet in length.The major commission of his career, it would dominate the later years of Sorolla's life.
Huntington had envisioned the work depicting a history of Spain, but the painter preferred the less specific 'Vision of Spain', eventually opting for a representation of the regions of the Iberian Peninsula, and calling it The Provinces of Spain. Despite the immensity of the canvases, Sorolla painted all but one en plein air, and travelled to the specific locales to paint them: Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Elche, Seville, Andalusia, Extremadura, Galicia, Guipuzcoa, Castile, Leon, and Ayamonte, at each site painting models posed in local costume. Each mural celebrated the landscape and culture of its region, panoramas composed of throngs of laborers and locals. By 1917 he was, by his own admission, exhausted. He completed the final panel by July 1919.
Sorolla suffered a stroke in 1920, while painting a portrait in his garden in Madrid. Paralyzed for over three years, he died on 10 August 1923.

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2020 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau