google.com, pub-0288379932320714, DIRECT, f08c47fec0942fa0 GRAVIR LES MONTAGNES... EN PEINTURE: ASIA
Showing posts with label ASIA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ASIA. Show all posts

Saturday, April 8, 2023

MONT GOLGOTHA PEINT PAR ANDREA MANTEGNA

 

ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431-1506) Mont Golgotha Israël


ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431-1506)
Mont Golgotha
Israël

In Crucifixion (1457-1460) huile sur panneau, 76 x 96 cm,
partie centrale originale de la prédelle du Retable de saint Zénon de Vérone,
Musée du Louvre, Paris

 
La montagne
Le Golgotha ou Calvaire, nommé aussi « lieu du crâne », est une colline située dans l'Antiquité à l'extérieur de Jérusalem, sur laquelle les Romains attachaient les condamnés à mort sur une croix en forme de T. Il est connu pour être le lieu où Jésus a été crucifié, d'après les évangiles. Son emplacement suscite des débats : au IVe siècle, sous la direction d'Hélène, la mère de l'empereur Constantin Ier, un petit monticule a été désigné comme étant le lieu de crucifixion de Jésus. C'est ce lieu qui est aujourd'hui appelé Golgotha, bien que de nombreux historiens doutent de la pertinence de cette localisation. Elle est désormais incluse dans la basilique du Saint-Sépulcre. L'interprétation usuelle est que la colline au nord de Jérusalem qui porte le nom de Golgotha est appelée ainsi à cause de sa forme dénudée, comme les toponymes arabes appelés ras (promontoires pelés, nus et plats comme un crâne), ou comme les oronymes du monde entier qui ont le nom de « mont chauve ». Il a été suggéré également que les corps des suppliciés restant sur le site de l'exécution, celui-ci était garni d'ossements et notamment de crânes. La majorité des philologues pensent cependant que le Golgotha désignait initialement une modeste éminence arrondie et déboisée, et que les auteurs bibliques, par un phénomène de réinterprétation, lui ont donné une étymologie populaire en surtraduisant Golgotha en grec par « lieu du crâne ». En effet, le mot crâne remonte, par l'intermédiaire du latin cerebrum (« cerveau ») et non de calvaria, à l'indo-européen *ker qui désigne des objets protubérants (la corne, le cerebrum latin, le kranion grec) tandis que le mot calvitie remonte au latin calvus, qui devait signifier « cruche »
D'après les fouilles menées dans la basilique du Saint-Sépulcre par le franciscain Virgilio Corbo dans les années 1960, des traces de taille de pierre et de culture ont été mises au jour. Elles indiquaient une utilisation du Mont du Golgotha bien avant sa mention dans le Nouveau Testament. Hors de la ville, le lieu servait de carrière de pierre « malaki » dès le 8e siècle av. J.-C.. Par la suite, au 1er siècle av. J.-C., les cavités furent recouvertes de terre et le lieu fut transformé en jardin. C'est le jardin du Golgotha dont parlent les Évangiles. Par ailleurs, des traces de cultures furent trouvées dans la grotte de l'Invention de la Croix. Dans le même temps, tout un réseau de grottes sépulcrales fut édifié à l'ouest de la carrière. Les tombeaux furent creusés dans de hautes parois rocheuses verticales ; parmi ces dernières on trouve surnommée selon l'usage la « tombe de Joseph d'Arimathie ».
À 35 m du sépulcre, un gros monolithe calcaire avait été isolé au milieu des carrières. Les dimensions actuelles du bloc sont impressionnantes : sa hauteur totale fait en moyenne 11 m, dont 4,50 m sont au-dessus du sol de l'église. De forme irrégulière, son diamètre varie entre 5 et 7 mètres. À l'époque du Christ, il était en partie recouvert par les débris des carrières ainsi que la terre apportée naturellement par l'activité érosive : seule sa partie supérieure arrondie était alors visible. Son sommet à la forme étrange d'un « crâne » et se situe au niveau du sol de l'actuelle chapelle du Golgotha . Une étude du bloc calcaire a permis de faire des recherches sur la grotte qu'il renferme et dont l'ouverture se situe au niveau du sol de l'église. C'est une cavité naturelle relativement grande dont les parois sont irrégulières et très rugueuses. Une anfractuosité naturelle partage le bloc du sommet jusqu'à la voûte de la grotte.
Selon Nazénie Garibian de Vartavan, le véritable lieu du Golgotha serait précisément situé à la verticale de l'autel de la basilique constantinienne, désormais enterrée, et à l’écart du lieu où le rocher du Golgotha est actuellement situé. Les plans publiés dans le livre indiquent l'emplacement du Golgotha avec une précision de moins de deux mètres sous le passage circulaire situé à un mètre de l'endroit où la tradition veut que la tunique tachée de sang du Christ ait été retrouvée et immédiatement avant l'escalier qui mène à la chapelle Sainte-Hélène (mère de l'empereur Constantin), aussi appelée chapelle Saint-Grégoire l'Illuminateur.

Le peintre
Andrea Mantegna est un graveur et peintre italien de la Première Renaissance qui a rompu définitivement avec le style gothique en plein milieu du 15e siècle, sans se départir de cette attitude tout au long de sa vie.
Marqué par l'héritage gréco-romain, exploitant la perspective par ses recherches sur le raccourci, il innove en matière d'architecture feinte, avec des décors muraux, des voûtes, créant des scènes d'une grande virtuosité, grâce entre autres au trompe-l'œil et à un sens poussé du détail.
Au-delà de Mantegna peintre de cour, émerge avec lui, dans l'art occidental, la figure centrale de l'artiste, du génie, qui fait école, et dont l'impact culturel se mesure des siècles plus tard.

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2023 - Wandering Vertexes ....
Errant au-dessus des Sommets Silencieux...
Un blog de Francis Rousseau 


Saturday, August 13, 2022

FUJIYAMA / 富士山 BY KOYO OKADA / 岡田紅陽

KOYO OKADA / 岡田紅陽 (1895- 1972) Fujiyama / 富士山 (3, 776 m -12,389 ft) Japan  In Mount Fuji with clouds 1950, photo

 
 
KOYO OKADA / 岡田紅陽 (1895- 1972)
Fujiyama / 富士山 (3, 776 m -12,389 ft) Japan

In Mount Fuji with clouds 1950, photo


The mountain
The legendary Mount Fuji or Fujiyama (富士山) is located on Honshu Island and is the highest mountain peak in Japan at 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft). Several names are attributed to it: "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Usually Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". The other Japanese names for Mount Fuji, have become obsolete or poetic like: Fuji-no-Yama (ふじの山 - The Mountain of Fuji), Fuji-no-Takane (ふじの高嶺- The High Peak of Fuji), Fuyō-hō (芙蓉峰 - The Lotus Peak), and Fugaku (富岳/富嶽), created by combining the first character of 富士, Fuji, and 岳, mountain.
Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–08. Mount Fuji lies about 100 kilometres (60 mi) south-west of Tokyo, and can be seen from there on a clear day.
Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is snow-capped several months a year, is a well-known symbol of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photographs, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers.
Mount Fuji is one of Japan's Three Holy Mountains (三霊山) along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku. It is also a Special Place of Scenic Beauty and one of Japan's Historic Sites.
It was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013. As per UNESCO, Mount Fuji has “inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries”. UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mt. Fuji locality. These 25 locations include the mountain itself, Fujisan Hongū Sengen Shrine and six other Sengen shrines, two lodging houses, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Kawaguchi, the eight Oshino Hakkai hot springs, two lava tree molds, the remains of the Fuji-kō cult in the Hitoana cave, Shiraito Falls, and Miho no Matsubara pine tree grove; while on the low alps of Mount Fuji lies the Taisekiji temple complex, where the central base headquarters of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism is located.


The artist
Kōyō Okada (岡 田紅陽) is a Japanese photographer, winner of the 1954 edition of the Japan Photography Society Award. Koyo Okada devoted his whole life to photographing Mt.Fuji.
He used to be photographing Mt.Fuji, wearing wadded kimono from his favorite Japanese style hotel, and neighbors called him ‘Koyo-san’ with intimacy. He was born in Uonuma of Nigata prefecture, and his great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were artists. He got interested in taking photos when he was in Waseda University, and he met Mt.Fuji seen from Oshino village when he was 21 years old. Since that time, the relationship with Mt.Fuji of more than 50 years had started. The life of Japanese people of those days with Mt.Fuji and the rural scenery at the foot of Mt.Fuji, which are in the picture, reminds us of the time and nature which Japan is losing. You should absolutely go to see his photos.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

MOUNT ARAGATS PAINTED BY YEGHISHE TADEVOSYAN


YEGHISHE TADEVOSYAN (1870-1936)
Mount Aragats (4,090 m -13,420 ft)
Armenia

In Mount Aragats, 1917, Fabric, oil paint, 54 x 76cm, National Gallery of Armenia 


The mountain
Mount Aragats (4,090 m -13,420 ft) in Armenian: Արագած, is an isolated four-peaked volcano massif in Armenia. Its northern summit, above sea level, is the highest point of the Lesser Caucasus and Armenia. It is also one of the highest points in the Armenian Highlands. Situated 40 kilometers (25 mi) northwest of Armenian capital Yerevan, Aragats is a large volcano with numerous fissure vents and adventive cones. Numerous large lava flows descend from the volcano and are constrained in age between middle Pleistocene and 3,000 BCE. The summit crater is cut by a 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) long line of cones which generated possibly Holocene-age lahars and lava flows. The volcanic system covers an area of 5,000 km2 and is one of the largest in the region. The magmas feeding Aragats are unusually hot for arc-derived magmas, resulting in long and voluminous lava flows.
The Aragats massif is surrounded by Kasagh River on the east, Akhurian River on the west, Ararat plain on the south and Shirak plain on the north.
According to an ancient Armenian legend, Aragats and Mount Ararat were loving sisters who parted after a quarrel and separated permanently. Currently, the mountains are further separated politically, with Mount Ararat being located in Turkey.
Another legend tells that Gregory the Illuminator, who converted Armenia into Christianity in the early 4th century, "used to pray on the peak of the mountain. At nighttime an icon-lamp shone to give light for him, the lamp hanging from heaven using no rope. Some say that the icon-lamp is still there, but only the worthy ones can see it."
Mt. Aragats plays a special role in Armenian history and culture. Along with Ararat, it is considered a sacred mountain for the Armenians.
Aragats is a male first name in Armenia, used especially in areas surrounding the mountain.
Mt. Aragats is often associated with Gyumri, Armenia's second largest city. The mountain is depicted on the coat of arms of Gyumri. It is also depicted on the obverse side of the 10,000 Armenian dram banknote (in use since 2003) in the background of Avetik Isahakyan, a poet born in Gyumri.

The painter 
Yeghishe Martirosi Tadevosyan ( Եղիշե Թադևոսյան) was an Armenian painter associated with the Peredvizhniki and Mir Iskusstva movements. He was awarded the title of "Honored Artist" by the Armenian SSR in 1935. He studied at the Lazarian School, then entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Vasily Polenov was his teacher and friend. He graduated in 1894 and began participating in exhibitions by the Peredvizhniki shortly after.
In 1898, he travelled to Palestine with Polenov and would revisit the Middle East several times. In 1901, he moved from Moscow to Tbilisi and became an art teacher.
His early work had been influenced by Vardges Sureniants but, after this time, he began to employ impressionistic and pointillistic techniques. In 1916, he became the founder and head of the Union of Armenian Artists. Yeghishe Tadevosyan is buried at Komitas Pantheon which is located in the city center of Yerevan. A street in Yerevan and an Art school in Etchmiadzin are named after him.

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2019 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau 

Sunday, September 15, 2019

MOUNT EVEREST / CHOMOLUNGA PAINTED BY VASILY VERESHCHAGIN


VASILY VERESHCHAGIN (1842-1904)
Mount Everest or Sagarmatha or Chomolunga (8,848 m - 29,029ft) 
China (Tibet) / Nepal 

In Sunset in the Himalayas,  oil on canvas, 1879

The mountain
Mount Everest (8,848 m - 29,029ft), also known in Nepal as Sagarmāthā and in Tibet as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain. It is located in the Mahalangur mountain range in Nepal and Tibet. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across Everest's precise summit point. Its massif includes neighbouring peaks Lhotse (8,516 m -27,940 ft); Nuptse (7,855 m -25,771 ft) and Changtse (7,580 m -24,870 ft).
In 1856, the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at (8,840 m -29,002 ft). The current official height of (8,848 m -29,029 ft) as recognised by China and Nepal was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975. In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon a recommendation by Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India. As there appeared to be several different local names, Waugh chose to name the mountain after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest, despite George Everest's objections.
Mount Everest attracts many climbers, some of them highly experienced mountaineers. There are two main climbing routes: one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal (known as the standard route) and the other from the north in Tibet. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as altitude sickness, weather, wind as well as significant objective hazards from avalanches and the Khumbu Icefall. As of 2016, there are well over 200 corpses still on the mountain, with some of them even serving as landmarks.
The first recorded efforts to reach Everest's summit were made by British mountaineers. With Nepal not allowing foreigners into the country at the time, the British made several attempts on the north ridge route from the Tibetan side. After the first reconnaissance expedition by the British in 1921 reached 7,000 m - 22,970 ft) on the North Col, the 1922 expedition pushed the North ridge route up to 8,320 m - 27,300 ft) marking the first time a human had climbed above 8,000 m - 26,247 ft). Tragedy struck on the descent from the North col when seven porters were killed in an avalanche. The 1924 expedition resulted in the greatest mystery on Everest to this day: George Mallory and Andrew Irvine made a final summit attempt on 8 June but never returned, sparking debate as to whether they were the first to reach the top. They had been spotted high on the mountain that day but disappeared in the clouds, never to be seen again, until Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 8,155 m (26,755 ft) on the North face. Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary made the first official ascent of Everest in 1953 using the southeast ridge route. Tenzing had reached 8,595 m - 28,199 ft) the previous year as a member of the 1952 Swiss expedition. The Chinese mountaineering team of Wang Fuzhou, Gonpo and Qu Yinhua made the first reported ascent of the peak from the North Ridge on 25 May 1960.
Mount Everest is one of the Seven Summit, which includes the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on April 30, 1985 by Richard Bass.
The 7 summits (which are obviously 8 !)... are :
Mount Everest (8,848 m), Aconcagua (6,961m), Mt Denali or Mc Kinley (6,194 m), Kilimandjaro (5,895 m), Mt Elbrus (5,642 m), Vinson Massif (4,892 m), Mt Blanc (4,807 m) and Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m) in Australia.

The painter
Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin (Васи́лий Васи́льевич Вереща́гин) transcribed in English as "Basil Verestchagin", was one of the most famous Russian war artists and one of the first Russian artists to be widely recognized abroad. The graphic nature of his realist scenes led many of them to never be printed or exhibited. In 1864 he proceeded to Paris, where he studied under Jean-Léon Gérôme, though he dissented widely from his master's methods. In the Paris Salon of 1866 he exhibited a drawing of Dukhobors chanting their Psalms. In the next year he was invited to accompany General Konstantin Kaufman's expedition to Turkestan. He was an indefatigable traveler, returning to St. Petersburg in late 1868, to Paris in 1869, back to St. Petersburg later in the year, and then back to Turkestan at the end 1869 via Siberia. In 1871, he established an atelier in Munich, and made a solo exhibition of his works at the Crystal Palace in London in 1873.
In late 1874, he departed for an extensive tour of the Himalayas, India and Tibet, spending over two years in travel. He returned to Paris in late 1876
After the war, Vereshchagin settled at Munich, where he produced his war pictures so rapidly that he was freely accused of employing assistants. The sensational subjects of his pictures, and their didactic aim, the promotion of peace by a representation of the horrors of war, attracted a large section of the public not usually interested in art to the series of exhibitions of his pictures in Paris in 1881 and subsequently in London, Berlin, Dresden, Vienna and other cities.
By the late 19th century, Vereshchagin had gained popularity not only in Russia, but also abroad and his name never left the pages of the European and American press. From his earliest works, unlike most contemporary battle pieces depicting war as a kind of parade, Vereshchagin graphically depicted the horrors of war. "I loved the sun all my life, and wanted to paint sunshine. When I happened to see warfare and say what I thought about it, I rejoiced that I would be able to devote myself to the sun once again. But the fury of war continued to pursue me," Vereshchagin wrote. One day, in 1882, Vereshchagin’s exhibition in Berlin was visited by German Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder. Vereshchagin brought Moltke to his painting The Apotheosis of War. The picture evoked a sort of confusion in the Field Marshal. After his visit to the exhibition, Moltke issued an order forbidding German soldiers to visit it. The Austrian war minister did the same. He also declined the artist's offer to let Austrian officers see his pictures at the 1881 exhibition in Vienna free of charge.

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Wandering Vertexes 2019 
A blog by Francis Rousseau