HONG REN / 弘仁 (1610-1663)
Huangshan / 黄山 (1,864m - 6,115ft)
China
In Painting with shitang, ink on paper, 60.2 x 46.8 cm, Qing dynasty, ca. 1657–58,
Yale University Art Gallery - Mary Griggs Burke Collection
The mountain
Huangshan / 黄山, sometimes called Yellow Mountains, is
a mountain range in southern Anhui province in eastern China.
Vegetation on the range is thickest below 1,100 meters (3,600 ft), with
trees growing up to the treeline at 1,800 meters (5,900 ft). The
Huangshan mountain range has many peaks, some more than 1,000 meters
(3,250 feet) high. The three tallest and best-known peaks are Lotus Peak
(Lian Hua Feng, 1,864 m), Bright Summit Peak (Guang Ming Ding, 1,840
m), and Celestial Peak (Tian Du Feng, literally Capital of Heaven Peak,
1,829 m).
The area is well known for its scenery, sunsets, peculiarly-shaped
granite peaks, Huangshan pine trees, hot springs, winter snow, and views
of the clouds from above. Much of Huangshan's reputation derives from
its significance in Chinese arts and literature. In addition to
inspiring poets such as Li Bai, Huangshan and the scenery therein has
been the frequent subject of poetry and artwork, especially Chinese ink
painting and, more recently, photography. Overall, from the Tang Dynasty
to the end of the Qing Dynasty, more than 20,000 poems were written
about Huangshan, and a school of painting named after it. The mountains
also have appeared in modern works. James Cameron, director of the 2009
film Avatar, cited Huangshan as one of his influences in designing the
fictional world of that film. The area also has been a location for
scientific research because of its diversity of flora and wildlife. In
the early part of the twentieth century, the geology and vegetation of
Huangshan were the subjects of multiple studies by both Chinese and
foreign scientists. The mountain is still a subject of research. For
example, in the late twentieth century a team of researchers used the
area for a field study of Tibetan macaques, a local species of monkey.
Huangshan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of China's major
tourist destinations. The World Heritage Site covers a core area of 154
square kilometres and a buffer zone of 142 square kilometres. In 2002,
Huangshan was named the "sister mountain" of Jungfrau in the Swiss Alps.
The painter
Hong Ren / 弘仁 who is also known as Hongren, was an early Qing dynasty
painter and a member of the Anhui (or Xin'an) school of painting. His
birth name was Jiang Fang. After the fall of the Ming dynasty he became a
monk, as did Zhu Da, Shitao, and Kun Can. They protested the fall of
the Ming dynasty by becoming monks. Hong Ren's style has been said to "represent
the world in a dematerialized, cleansed version ... revealing his
personal peace through the liberating form of geometric abstraction."
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2021 - Wandering Vertexes...
by Francis Rousseau
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