MONT ROBSON PAR ARTHUR P. COLEMAN

 

ARTHUR P. COLEMAN (1852-1939)
Mont Robson  (3,954m)
Canada (Colombie britannique)

In Athabasca outside of Mountains, Mount Robson

 La montagne  
Le mont Robson ou Pic Robson)3,954m) est le point culminant des Rocheuses canadiennes. Il est entièrement situé à l'intérieur du parc provincial du Mont Robson, en Colombie-Britannique. Le mont Robson est souvent assimilé au point culminant de la Colombie-Britannique, mais ce titre revient au mont Fairweather. Le mont Robson a été baptisé en 1915 par Colin Robertson, un employé de la compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson. Il possède d'autres noms non officiels comme Cloud Cap Mountain, Snow Cap Mountain, Yuh-hai-has-kun, et The Mountain of the Spiral Road. Le relief du mont Robson s'élance grandement par rapport aux terrains aux alentours. Du lac Berg, la montagne s'élève de près de 2 400 mètres jusqu'au sommet. Le côté nord du mont Robson est largement glacé. Le côté sud de la montagne s'étend d'environ 3 000 mètres de la base au sommet. La face de l'Empereur, sur le côté nord-ouest, fournit un formidable défi aux grimpeurs tentant une voie à travers ce mur vertical de rocher et de glace.
Avec à la fois peu de voies faciles jusqu'au sommet et des conditions météo difficiles (le pic ne peut être vu qu'environ 14 jours dans l'année), seulement quelques ascensions par an sont victorieuses.
La face sud du mont Robson est clairement visible depuis l'autoroute Yellowhea d'autoroute 16). La face sud peut être vue depuis le lac Berg, accessible après une randonnée de 17,5 kilomètres.

Le peintre 
Arthur Philemon Coleman était un géologue, canadien professeur, prospecteur de minéraux, artiste, explorateur des Rocheuses, canoéiste en pleine nature, grand voyageur, scientifique, conférencier populaire, administrateur de musée, mémorialiste et… l’un des scientifiques les plus appréciés du Canada.
Arthur Coleman est un bel exemple de cette perle rare : un artiste amateur accompli dont les dessins et les peintures rivalisent sans peine avec ceux de nombreux professionnels. Il était actif à une époque où le dessin et la peinture cédaient à la photographie la tâche de saisir le monde visible. Bien qu’il fût également photographe, la peinture était pour lui une démarche à la fois poétique et descriptive, une façon d’exprimer artistiquement un phénomène qui l’intéressait ou l’émouvait. Animée par cette motivation, l’œuvre de Coleman procure beaucoup de joie et inspire un profond respect. Ce qui est d’autant plus surprenant qu’il se présentait davantage comme géologue que comme peintre.
Coleman a parcouru les États-Unis pour des conférences professionnelles et des travaux de terrain en géologie. Il visita de nombreuses chaînes de montagnes majeures américaines, notamment la Cordillère américaine (Washington, Oregon et Californie), la Sierra Nevada (Californie et Nevada), le parc national de Yellowstone (Wyoming, Montana et Idaho) et les Appalaches (est des États-Unis). La glaciation du Pléistocène s'était étendue en Europe du Nord jusqu'à Berlin et Londres, couvrant une superficie de plus de 5 millions de kilomètres carrés. Coleman visita également des pays comme l'Inde, l'Australie, le Brésil, l'Argentine, la Scandinavie, la Bolivie, la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'Afrique du Sud et l'Uruguay. Durant ses dernières années, il effectua deux expéditions dans les Andes colombiennes, dans des montagnes du sud du Mexique et sur deux sommets d'Amérique centrale. Il réalisa la première ascension du mont Castle en 1884 et, en 1907, fut le premier Européen à tenter l'ascension du mont Robson. Il réalisa au total huit expéditions exploratoires dans les Rocheuses canadiennes, dont quatre à la recherche des géants mythiques de Hooker et Brown. De 1901 à 1922, il fut professeur de géologie à l'Université de Toronto et doyen de la Faculté des arts de 1919 à 1922. De 1931 à 1934, il travailla comme géologue au ministère des Mines du gouvernement de l'Ontario. Il fut élu membre de la Société royale du Canada en 1900 et en devint le président en 1921. En 1929, il fut nommé vice-président honoraire de la Société géographique royale du Canada.
Le mont Coleman et le glacier Coleman, dans le parc national Banff, portent son nom. Il reçut la médaille Penrose en 1936.
Il projetait d'escalader « sa » montagne, le mont Coleman, dans les Rocheuses de l'Alberta, et avait également préparé un voyage en Guyane britannique, mais la mort l'en empêcha.

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2026 - Gravir les montagnes en peinture
Un blog de Francis Rousseau   

 

MOUNT ROBSON BY ARTHUR P. COLEMAN

ARTHUR P. COLEMAN (1852-1939)
Mount Robson (3,954 m - 12, 972 ft) 

Canada (British Columbia)

  In Mount Robson glacier -cutting steps, oil on canvas

The mountain 

Mount Robson (3,954 m - 12, 972 ft) is the most prominent mountain in North America's Rocky Mountain range; it is also the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. The mountain is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and is part of the Rainbow Range. Mount Robson is the second highest peak entirely in British Columbia, behind Mount Waddington in the Coast Range. The south face of Mount Robson is clearly visible from the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16), and is commonly photographed along this route.

Mount Robson was likely named after Colin Robertson, who worked for both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company at various times in the early 19th century, though there was confusion over the name as many assumed it to have been named for John Robson, an early premier of British Columbia. The Texqakallt, a Secwepemc people and the earliest inhabitants of the area, call it Yuh-hai-has-kun (The Mountain of the Spiral Road). Other unofficial names include Cloud Cap Mountain.

In 1893, five years after the expedition of A.P. Coleman to Athabasca Pass and the final settling of the mistaken elevations of Mt. Hooker and Mt. Brown, Mt. Robson was first surveyed by James McEvoy and determined to be the highest peak in the Canadian Rockies. The first documented ascent of Mount Robson, led by the young guide Conrad Kain, at its time the hardest ice face to be climbed on the continent, was achieved during the 1913 annual expedition organized by a large party of Alpine Club of Canada members who made use of the newly completed Grand Trunk Pacific railway to access the area. Prior to 1913, it had been necessary to approach the mountain by pack train from Edmonton or Laggan via Jasper and Lucerne, so only few intrepid explorers had made previous attempts at exploring the mountain. The most famous early ascensionist was the Reverend George Kinney, a founding member of the Alpine Club, who on his twelfth attempt in August 1909 claimed to have reached the summit with local outfitter Donald "Curly" Phillips. A major controversy over this claim and over the implausible nature of his unlikely and dangerous route dominated the discourse within the Alpine Club elite, and he is now generally presumed to have reached the high summit ridge before being turned back at the final ice dome of the peak. Kinney Lake, below the south face, is named in his honour.

The north face of Mount Robson is heavily glaciated and 800 m (2,600 ft) of ice extends from the summit to Berg Glacier. The Berg glacier calves directly into the lake. The Robson Glacier, which fills the cirque and valley between Mount Robson and Mount Resplendent, in the early 1900s fed directly into both Berg lake and Adolphus lake, straddling the Continental Divide and draining thus to both the Arctic and Pacific oceans via the Smoky and Robson Rivers, respectively. It since has receded more than 2 kilometres and is the source of the Robson River only.

The painter 
Arthur Philemon Coleman was a Canadian a geologist, professor, minerals prospector, artist, Rockies explorer, backwoods canoeist, world traveller, scientist, popular lecturer, museum administrator, memoirist and...  one of Canada’s most beloved scientist.
Arthur Coleman is a fine example of that rare bird, a polished amateur artist whose drawings and paintings stand comfortably beside those of many professionals. He was active during the time when sketching and painting was ceding to photography the task of recording the visible world. Although he was also a photographer, painting was, for him, both a poetic and a descriptive pursuit, a way of wrapping an artistic expression around a phenomenon he was interested in or moved by. Thus motivated, Coleman's paintings give much joy and command a good deal of respect. The more surprising, perhaps given that he used to introduced himself more as a geologist than a painter.
Coleman travelled throughout the United States for professional conferences as well as geological field work.  He visited many of the major American mountain ranges including: the American Cordillera Mountains (Washington, Oregon and California); the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California and Nevada); Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, Montana and Idaho); and the Appalachian Mountains (eastern United States). Pleistocene glaciation had extended in Northern Europe as far south as Berlin and London and covered an area of two million square miles. Coleman also visited such countries as India, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Scandinavia, Bolivia, New Zealand, South Africa and Uruguay. In his final years he made two expeditions to the Andes in Colombia, to mountains in Southern Mexico and to two mountains in Central America.  He achieved the first ascent of Castle Mountain in 1884, and in 1907, he was the first white man to attempt to climb Mount Robson. He made a total of eight exploratory trips to the Canadian Rockies, wholly four of them looking for the mythical giants of Hooker and Brown.
 "Mount Coleman" and "Coleman Glacier" in Banff National Park are named in his honor.
He was awarded the Penrose Medal in 1936.

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2019 - Wandering Vertexes...

by Francis Rousseau 

MOUNT ROBSON BY LAWREN S. HARRIS

LAWREN S. HARRIS (1885-1970) 

Mount Robson (3,954 m - 12, 972 ft) 

Canada  (British Columbia)

The Mountain 

Mount Robson (3,954 m - 12, 972 ft) is the most prominent mountain in North America's Rocky Mountain range; it is also the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. The mountain is located entirely within Mount Robson Provincial Park of British Columbia, and is part of the Rainbow Range. Mount Robson is the second highest peak entirely in British Columbia, behind Mount Waddington in the Coast Range. The south face of Mount Robson is clearly visible from the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16), and is commonly photographed along this route.

Mount Robson was likely named after Colin Robertson, who worked for both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company at various times in the early 19th century, though there was confusion over the name as many assumed it to have been named for John Robson, an early premier of British Columbia. The Texqakallt, a Secwepemc people and the earliest inhabitants of the area, call it Yuh-hai-has-kun (The Mountain of the Spiral Road). Other unofficial names include Cloud Cap Mountain.

In 1893, five years after the expedition of A.P. Coleman to Athabasca Pass and the final settling of the mistaken elevations of Mt. Hooker and Mt. Brown, Mt. Robson was first surveyed by James McEvoy and determined to be the highest peak in the Canadian Rockies.  The first documented ascent of Mount Robson, led by the young guide Conrad Kain, at its time the hardest ice face to be climbed on the continent, was achieved during the 1913 annual expedition organized by a large party of Alpine Club of Canada members who made use of the newly completed Grand Trunk Pacific railway to access the area. Prior to 1913, it had been necessary to approach the mountain by pack train from Edmonton or Laggan via Jasper and Lucerne, so only few intrepid explorers had made previous attempts at exploring the mountain. The most famous early ascensionist was the Reverend George Kinney, a founding member of the Alpine Club, who on his twelfth attempt in August 1909 claimed to have reached the summit with local outfitter Donald "Curly" Phillips. A major controversy over this claim and over the implausible nature of his unlikely and dangerous route dominated the discourse within the Alpine Club elite, and he is now generally presumed to have reached the high summit ridge before being turned back at the final ice dome of the peak. Kinney Lake, below the south face, is named in his honour.

The north face of Mount Robson is heavily glaciated and 800 m (2,600 ft) of ice extends from the summit to Berg Glacier.  The Berg glacier calves directly into the lake. The Robson Glacier, which fills the cirque and valley between Mount Robson and Mount Resplendent, in the early 1900s fed directly into both Berg lake and Adolphus lake, straddling the Continental Divide and draining thus to both the Arctic and Pacific oceans via the Smoky and Robson Rivers, respectively. It since has receded more than 2 kilometres and is the source of the Robson River only.

The painter 

Lawren Stewart Harris, (1885–1970) was a leading landscape canadian painter, imbuing his paintings with a spiritual dimension. An inspirer of other artists, he was a key figure in the Group of Seven and gave new vision to representations of the northern Canadian landscape. During the 1920s, Harris's works became more abstract and simplified, especially his stark landscapes of the Canadian north and Arctic.  He also stopped signing and dating his works so that people would judge his works on their own merit and not by the artist or when they were painted.

In 1924, a sketching trip with A.Y. Jackson to Jasper National Park in the Canadian Rockies marked the beginning of Harris' mountain subjects, which he continued to explore with annual sketching trips until 1929, exploring areas around Banff National Park, Yoho National Park and Mount Robson Provincial Park. In 1930, Harris went on his last extended sketching trip, travelling to the Arctic aboard the supply ship SS. Beothic for two months, during which time he completed over 50 sketches.  "We are on the fringe of the great North and its living whiteness, its loneliness and replenishment, its resignations and release, tis call and answer, its cleansing rhythms. It seems that the top of the continent is a source of spiritual flow that will ever shed clarity into the growing race of America."(Lawren S. Harris, 1926)

For Harris, art was to express spiritual values as well as to represent the visible world. North Shore, Lake Superior (1926), an image of a solitary weathered tree stump surrounded by an expanse of dramatically lit sky, effectively evokes the tension between the terrestrial and spiritual.

The resulting Arctic canvases that he developed from the oil panels marked the end of his landscape period, and from 1935 on, Harris enthusiastically embraced abstract painting. Several members of the Group of Seven later became members of the Canadian Group of Painters including Harris, A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, A. Y. Jackson, and Franklin Carmichael.

From 1934 to 1937, Harris lived in Hanover, New Hampshire, where he painted his first abstract works, a direction he would continue for the rest of his life. In 1938 he moved to Sante Fe, New Mexico, and helped found the Transcendental Painting Group, an organization of artists who advocated a spiritual form of abstraction.

In 1969, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.

Harris died in Vancouver in 1970, at the age of 84, as a well-known artist. He was buried on the grounds of the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, where his work is now held.

On November 26, 2015 his painting Mountain and Glacier was auctioned for $3.9 million at a Heffel Fine Art Auction House auction in Toronto, breaking the previous record for the sale of one of Harris's works.

In 2016 a film about Harris's life, Where the Universe Sings, was produced by TV Ontario. It was created by filmmaker Peter Raymont and directed by Nancy Lang.